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When the licensor provides the licensee with a complete brand concept and operating system, the arrangement is called contract manufacturing.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following can cause a firm to choose joint ventures as a mode of expansion into foreign markets?


A) excellent managerial resources
B) lack of sufficient finances
C) lack of conflicting regulations in the host country
D) preferences of target consumers in the host country
E) psychic proximity of the host country

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In a sprinkler approach to international expansion, ________.


A) countries are entered when competition is limited
B) countries are gradually entered sequentially
C) countries in which the supply of raw material is greatest are entered first
D) countries in which the demand for the product is greatest are entered first
E) many countries are entered simultaneously

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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When companies sell on the Internet, price becomes transparent, and price differentiation between countries declines.

A) True
B) False

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Various governments force companies to charge the ________ price, which is charged by other competitors for the same or a similar product.


A) gray market
B) implicit
C) arm's-length
D) authorized
E) contingent

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Important developing or emerging markets include Brazil, Russia, India, Canada, and South Africa, often called "BRICS" for short.

A) True
B) False

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The New Zealand Way program was an initiative by the government of New Zealand to raise awareness and attract tourists by showing the dramatic landscapes featured in "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy. This is an example of a government trying to strengthen its ________.


A) country-of-origin perceptions
B) international subsidiaries
C) internationalization
D) contract manufacturing
E) distributor relationships

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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It often makes sense to operate in fewer countries, with a deeper commitment and penetration in each.

A) True
B) False

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As people in developing countries often prefer to buy in smaller quantities, ________ is one of the most important functions of intermediaries in developing countries and helps perpetuate the long channels of distribution, which are a major obstacle to the expansion of retailing.


A) product adaptation
B) breaking bulk
C) diversification
D) transfer pricing
E) dual adaptation

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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Contract manufacturing is one mode of licensing that allows a company to start faster, with the opportunity to form a partnership or buy out the local manufacturer later.

A) True
B) False

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As a result of the ad campaigns depicting Brazil as a multicultural land of carnivals and beaches, any mention of the country makes people think of sun and sand. This is an example of ________.


A) collectivism
B) target market impact
C) ethnocentric thinking
D) country-of-origin effect
E) cognitive dissonance

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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The Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD) cautions that economic reforms have stagnated and ranks Russia as one of the most corrupt countries in the world.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements is true about licensing?


A) It is one of the most complex ways to engage in international marketing.
B) The licensor gains entry into the new market at low risk.
C) The licensee has no access to proprietary information.
D) The licensee receives a fee or royalty.
E) The only benefit for a licensee is the production expertise it gains.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Domestic-based export merchants seek and negotiate foreign purchases for a commission.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is a risk that firms must consider prior to expanding abroad?


A) The domestic consumers prefer low-priced products.
B) The market in the foreign country may be too similar to the domestic market.
C) Consumers in the foreign country are very particular about the quality of the goods they consume.
D) The foreign country has very low pollution control standards.
E) The foreign country's business culture may be too different from the domestic country.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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International companies must decide how much to adapt their marketing strategy to local conditions. Identify and explain the two strategies companies can use.

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A company foraying into the internationa...

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Indirect exports have two advantages for a firm: less investment and less ________.


A) paperwork
B) intrusion by the government
C) risk
D) competition
E) customer suits

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following causes a difference between marketing in developed countries and marketing in developing countries?


A) The cost of production varies substantially between the developed and the developing world.
B) The disparity between the rich and the poor in the developing world is reducing.
C) There are substantial cultural differences between the developed and the developing world.
D) Marketing in developing countries is far more expensive than in the developed world.
E) The developing countries have more trade barriers in place than the developed countries.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Once a company decides to target a particular country, it must determine the best mode of entry. Each of its market entry strategies involves more commitment, risk, control, and profit potential. List these market entry strategies in order from low risk to high risk.

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The five modes of entry into foreign mar...

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The impact of country of origin is independent of the type of product.

A) True
B) False

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