Question 1

If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of

Accepted Answer

A)   urea.
B)   water.
C)   sodium.
D)   potassium.
E)   chloride.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

Match the organ with the appropriate function.
-urethra

Accepted Answer

A)  stores urine until voiding
B)  transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder
C)  organ that forms urine
D)  transports urine from bladder to outside of body
E)  basic functional unit of the kidneyF) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation.
-an increase in aldosterone secretion promotes this

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration
B)  tubular reabsorption
C)  tubular secretionD) None of the above
E) A) and B)

Question 4

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1)  decreased sympathetic stimulation
(2)  increase in glomerulus filtration rate
(3)  increase in arterial blood pressure
(4)  increase in urine production
(5)  afferent arterioles dilate

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 3, 5, 2, 4
B)   3, 2, 1, 5, 4
C)   2, 3, 5, 1, 4
D)   3, 1, 5, 2, 4
E)   3, 2, 5, 4, 1F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

-What does "A" on the diagram represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   ureters
B)   urethra
C)   right and left kidneys
D)   adrenal glands
E)   urinary bladderF) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle, _____ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A)   65%
B)   75%
C)   80%
D)   95%
E)   100%F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

The majority of water reabsorption from the filtrate occurs in the _____ ____ ______.

Accepted Answer

Proximal c...

Question 8

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

Accepted Answer

A)   is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron.
B)   passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute.
C)   can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate.
D)   can be secreted into the filtrate.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 9

With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased bladder capacity.
B)   voluntary micturition.
C)   continuous dribbling of urine.
D)   uncontrollable micturition.
E)   lack of control of internal sphincter.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

The renal corpuscle connects to the

Accepted Answer

A)   loop of Henle.
B)   collecting duct.
C)   distal convoluted tubule.
D)   renal convoluted tubule.
E)   proximal convoluted tubule.F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

A)   increase in filtration volume
B)   anuria - no urine production
C)   necrosis of the renal corpuscle
D)   low protein levels in the filtrate
E)   no change in the filtrateF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Renin converts

Accepted Answer

A)   angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
B)   angiotensin II to angiotensin I.
C)   angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
D)   angiotensin II to angiotensin III.
E)   angiotensinogen to angiotensin II.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

Urea and mannitol are examples of which of the following types of diuretics?

Accepted Answer

A)   osmotic diuretics
B)   thiazide diuretics
C)   potassium-sparing diuretics
D)   carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
E)   ADH inhibitorsF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 14

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1)  GFR (glomerular filtration rate)  when the efferent arteriole is constricted; (2)  GFR (glomerular filtration rate)  when efferent arteriole is dilated

Accepted Answer

A)  Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
B)  Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.
C)  Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.D) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

Question 15

-The diagram is a sagittal section of the kidney. What does "B" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   renal pelvis
B)   medulla
C)   cortex
D)   renal capsule
E)   ureterF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1)  K+ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are decreased; (2)  K+ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are increased

Accepted Answer

A)  Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
B)  Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.
C)  Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.D) All of the above
E) A) and B)

Question 17

The inner layer of Bowman's capsule consists of specialized cells called

Accepted Answer

A)   nephrons.
B)   podocytes.
C)   nephrocytes.
D)   juxtamedullary cells.
E)   macula densa.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 18

Increased aldosterone causes increased

Accepted Answer

A)   urine volume.
B)   sodium secretion.
C)   potassium secretion.
D)   reabsorption of hydrogen ions.
E)   filtrate formation.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 19

-The diagram is a portion of the nephron. What does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule
B)   afferent arteriole
C)   glomerulus
D)   distal convoluted tubule
E)   Bowman's capsuleF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-renal column

Accepted Answer

A)  cone-shaped structure in medulla of kidney
B)  anchors kidneys to abdominal wall
C)  cortical tissue between renal pyramids
D)  tube that opens into renal pelvis
E)  point where renal artery enters kidneyF) None of the above
G) All of the above

Exam 26: Urinary System

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) GFR (glomerular filtration rate) when the efferent arteriole is constricted; (2) GFR (glomerular filtration rate) when efferent arteriole is dilated

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-The diagram is a portion of the nephron. What does "A" represent?

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The majority of water reabsorption from the filtrate occurs in the _____ ____ ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedProximal c...View AnswerShow Answer

If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) K+ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are decreased; (2) K+ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are increased

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urea and mannitol are examples of which of the following types of diuretics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-What does "A" on the diagram represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renin converts

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the structure with the appropriate description. -renal column

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The diagram is a sagittal section of the kidney. What does "B" represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1) decreased sympathetic stimulation (2) increase in glomerulus filtration rate (3) increase in arterial blood pressure (4) increase in urine production (5) afferent arterioles dilate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increased aldosterone causes increased

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the organ with the appropriate function. -urethra

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation. -an increase in aldosterone secretion promotes this

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inner layer of Bowman's capsule consists of specialized cells called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle, _____ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The renal corpuscle connects to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The majority of water reabsorption from the filtrate occurs in the _ __.

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Proximal c...
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Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) K⁺ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are decreased; (2) K⁺ concentration in urine when aldosterone levels are increased

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