Question 1

What effect does rehearsing answers to questions before taking the witness stand have on testimony?

Accepted Answer

A)   It makes the witness more confident but only if their recollection is accurate.
B)   It makes the witness more likely to make mistakes during actual testimony.
C)   It makes the witness more confident even when they are inaccurate.
D)   It makes the witness more likely to forget the smaller details of the incident they observed.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Jurors think that an eyewitness who can recall trivial details such as how many pictures were hanging in the room probably

Accepted Answer

A)   gained information about these details by a second visit to the crime scene.
B)   was paying better attention than one who recalls no details.
C)   was not paying attention to the culprit or the crime itself.
D)   is no more accurate in recalling important information than witnesses with no memory for details.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

People fail to detect that an innocent person entering a scene differs from another person exiting the scene in _____ experiments.

Accepted Answer

A)   change blindness
B)   misinformation effect
C)   cognitive dissonance
D)   imagination inflationE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

After hearing a television report falsely indicating that drugs may have contributed to a recent auto accident, several eyewitnesses of the accident begin to remember the driver as traveling at a faster rate of speed than was actually the case. This provides an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   flashbulb memory.
B)   state-dependent memory.
C)   the serial position effect.
D)   the misinformation effect.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

A prosecuting attorney is uncertain whether her eyewitness will seem credible to the jury. The eyewitness's testimony could help win a conviction, but the witness might be discredited by the defense attorney. What advice should the prosecutor accept?

Accepted Answer

A)   Put the eyewitness on the stand, since even a discredited eyewitness is more convincing than no eyewitness at all.
B)   Do not put the eyewitness on the stand, since a discredited eyewitness is worse than no eyewitness at all.
C)   Put the eyewitness on the stand but admit your reservations about the credibility of the eyewitness before the defense attorney raises the issue.
D)   Put the eyewitness on the stand only if he or she is attractive and similar to the jurors.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Dunning and Perretta (2002)  found that those eyewitnesses who made their identifications _______ were nearly 90 percent accurate.

Accepted Answer

A)   after a long deliberation
B)   confidently
C)   in less than 10-12 seconds
D)   and then changed themE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Research on the effects of group deliberation by a jury suggests all of the following EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)   jurors exert normative pressure.
B)   jurors share information.
C)   deliberation does not cancel out certain biases.
D)   deliberation can draw attention away from jurors' previous prejudgments of the evidence.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

After hearing evidence in a murder trial, ten jurors believed that the evidence was insufficient to convict the 25-year-old Black defendant. According to the group polarization hypothesis, after the jurors deliberated, they would be

Accepted Answer

A)   more convinced that the defendant was guilty.
B)   more convinced that the evidence was insufficient to convict.
C)   evenly split, with some convinced that he was guilty and others convinced that he was innocent.
D)   split, with the minority favoring acquittal and the majority favoring conviction.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

People are most at risk for having highly confident, yet ultimately incorrect, recollections when recalling

Accepted Answer

A)   faces of another race.
B)   faces of another gender.
C)   faces from the same race.
D)   faces from the same gender.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

In the process known as the misinformation effect, individuals

Accepted Answer

A)   give misleading testimony in court.
B)   receive wrong information about an event and then incorporate that information into their memory of the event.
C)   purposely give wrong information to police.
D)   fail to remember any information following a traumatic event.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Nearly all the states in the U.S. now have _______ statutes that prohibit or limit testimony concerning a rape victim's prior sexual activity.

Accepted Answer

A)   inadmissible rape testimony
B)   rape denial
C)   rape shield
D)   noE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Someone accused of a crime is judged more sympathetically

Accepted Answer

A)   by females than by males.
B)   if he or she has good communication skills.
C)   if he or she appears similar to the one who judges.
D)   if there was a bystander who watched and did not intervene.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Researchers have found that eyewitnesses' accuracy can improve when

Accepted Answer

A)   interrogators delay the interview at least one week.
B)   the witnesses scan a group of mug shots or a composite drawing before reviewing a lineup.
C)   they are presented with a sequence of individual people, one by one, instead of being presented with a group of photos or a lineup.
D)   the seriousness of the crime is highlighted.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

To minimize the effects of inadmissible testimony, judges are best advised to

Accepted Answer

A)   wait until jurors have heard the testimony before ruling it inadmissible, so jurors specifically know what they are to disregard.
B)   videotape the testimony and cut out the inadmissible parts.
C)   meet with jurors during their deliberations after the trial to insure that inadmissible testimony is not influencing their judgments.
D)   immediately follow the trial by seeking a verbal pledge from each juror to ignore inadmissible evidence.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Ellsworth and Mauro (1998)  reported that gender seems to be linked with verdicts only in

Accepted Answer

A)   racially charged cases.
B)   rape and battered woman cases.
C)   personal injury awards in suits against businesses.
D)   murder cases.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

City police found that Mr. Caldwell, an eyewitness to a murder in a local bank, correctly remembered many trivial details of the crime scene, including the specific time on the clock and the paintings on the wall. Research findings suggest that Mr.
Caldwell's recall of trivial details means

Accepted Answer

A)   it is more likely that he can also correctly identify the murderer.
B)   it is less likely that he can also correctly identify the murderer.
C)   nothing in terms of his ability to correctly identify the murderer.
D)   it is more likely that he can also correctly identify the murderer, provided Mr. Caldwell is also highly educated.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 15: Psychological Disorders

People fail to detect that an innocent person entering a scene differs from another person exiting the scene in _____ experiments.

Correct Answer
verified

To minimize the effects of inadmissible testimony, judges are best advised to

Correct Answer
verified

Research on the effects of group deliberation by a jury suggests all of the following EXCEPT that

Correct Answer
verified

Someone accused of a crime is judged more sympathetically

Correct Answer
verified

What effect does rehearsing answers to questions before taking the witness stand have on testimony?

Correct Answer
verified

In the process known as the misinformation effect, individuals

Correct Answer
verified

Jurors think that an eyewitness who can recall trivial details such as how many pictures were hanging in the room probably

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers have found that eyewitnesses' accuracy can improve when

Correct Answer
verified

A prosecuting attorney is uncertain whether her eyewitness will seem credible to the jury. The eyewitness's testimony could help win a conviction, but the witness might be discredited by the defense attorney. What advice should the prosecutor accept?

Correct Answer
verified

Ellsworth and Mauro (1998) reported that gender seems to be linked with verdicts only in

Correct Answer
verified

Dunning and Perretta (2002) found that those eyewitnesses who made their identifications _______ were nearly 90 percent accurate.

Correct Answer
verified

People are most at risk for having highly confident, yet ultimately incorrect, recollections when recalling

Correct Answer
verified

After hearing evidence in a murder trial, ten jurors believed that the evidence was insufficient to convict the 25-year-old Black defendant. According to the group polarization hypothesis, after the jurors deliberated, they would be

Correct Answer
verified

After hearing a television report falsely indicating that drugs may have contributed to a recent auto accident, several eyewitnesses of the accident begin to remember the driver as traveling at a faster rate of speed than was actually the case. This provides an example of

Correct Answer
verified

City police found that Mr. Caldwell, an eyewitness to a murder in a local bank, correctly remembered many trivial details of the crime scene, including the specific time on the clock and the paintings on the wall. Research findings suggest that Mr. Caldwell's recall of trivial details means

Correct Answer
verified

Nearly all the states in the U.S. now have _______ statutes that prohibit or limit testimony concerning a rape victim's prior sexual activity.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: Psychological Disorders

People fail to detect that an innocent person entering a scene differs from another person exiting the scene in _____ experiments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To minimize the effects of inadmissible testimony, judges are best advised to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on the effects of group deliberation by a jury suggests all of the following EXCEPT that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Someone accused of a crime is judged more sympathetically

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What effect does rehearsing answers to questions before taking the witness stand have on testimony?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the process known as the misinformation effect, individuals

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jurors think that an eyewitness who can recall trivial details such as how many pictures were hanging in the room probably

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that eyewitnesses' accuracy can improve when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A prosecuting attorney is uncertain whether her eyewitness will seem credible to the jury. The eyewitness's testimony could help win a conviction, but the witness might be discredited by the defense attorney. What advice should the prosecutor accept?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ellsworth and Mauro (1998) reported that gender seems to be linked with verdicts only in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dunning and Perretta (2002) found that those eyewitnesses who made their identifications _______ were nearly 90 percent accurate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are most at risk for having highly confident, yet ultimately incorrect, recollections when recalling

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After hearing evidence in a murder trial, ten jurors believed that the evidence was insufficient to convict the 25-year-old Black defendant. According to the group polarization hypothesis, after the jurors deliberated, they would be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After hearing a television report falsely indicating that drugs may have contributed to a recent auto accident, several eyewitnesses of the accident begin to remember the driver as traveling at a faster rate of speed than was actually the case. This provides an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

City police found that Mr. Caldwell, an eyewitness to a murder in a local bank, correctly remembered many trivial details of the crime scene, including the specific time on the clock and the paintings on the wall. Research findings suggest that Mr. Caldwell's recall of trivial details means

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nearly all the states in the U.S. now have _______ statutes that prohibit or limit testimony concerning a rape victim's prior sexual activity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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