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Exam 7: The Bureaucracy

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Question 21

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Discuss the historical development of the federal bureaucracy in the United States. What were its origins? When and why did it expand? How have the movements toward privatization and marketization influenced the bureaucracy in recent decades?

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Question 22

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President Bartlett creates an agency dedicated to ensuring that all U.S. trading partners must meet strict labor standards or face stiff tariffs. He staffs the agency with experts in trade and economics to ensure that the standards make sense and are followed strictly. However, he loses his bid for reelection. The incoming president believes that trade regulations are harmful and cuts funding to the agency. This is an example of ________.

A) police-patrol oversight
B) fire-alarm oversight
C) bureaucratic drift
D) coalitional drift
E) bureaucratic capture

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Question 23

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President Bartlett creates an agency dedicated to ensuring that all U.S. trading partners must meet strict labor standards or face stiff tariffs. He staffs the agency with experts in trade and economics to ensure that the standards make sense and are followed strictly. However, many of these experts believe that trade regulations are harmful, ultimately isolating countries and leading to poorer working conditions. Over time, agency employees' own beliefs take precedence, and they become more and more relaxed about enforcing standards and begin to decrease fines against countries that do not meet the president's labor standards. This is an example of ________.

Define the principal-agent problem and its relevance for understanding interactions among Congress, the president, and federal bureaucracies. Which institution or set of institutions usually acts as the principal, and which acts as the agent? What mechanisms and strategies are available to the principal to control the agent and minimize shirking?

Which of the following refers to the contracting of private companies by the government to conduct work that was formerly done by government agencies?

Though it was intended to increase bureaucratic efficiency, the principles of privatization and marketization that were part of the ________ have in some cases led to accusations of increased fraud due to a lack of oversight.

Bureaucracies respond to many different types of problems. Regardless of their disparate purposes, they are all intended to create ________.

Which is the general term for the agencies and offices devoted to carrying out the tasks of government consistent with the law?

Which of the following statements best defines the bureaucratic legacy of President Reagan?

Do "street-level" bureaucrats make policy decisions?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is tasked with regulating the conduct of business corporations. To give the EPA more autonomy, it is structured so that the president is limited in his or her ability to remove those leading the agencies. This level of oversight is typical of ________.

The town of Springfield has an extensive public transportation system that has grown steadily over time in response to the city's changing needs. However, the town council realizes that it is not as efficient as it might be. The town council reviews data provided by the city's Department of Transportation and organizes an extensive rerouting of public buses in order to reduce costs and improve efficiency. This is an example of ________.

The process of coalition drift is most likely to create which type of collective dilemma between a federal agency and Congress or the president?

Patronage appointments resulted in ________.

The Pendleton Act, in part, created a system of ________.

Due to various legislation and court decisions, the American bureaucracy has been given the ability to conduct all of the following EXCEPT ________.

What type of law is made within the executive-branch bureaucracy?

The tension between U.S. representatives' shared interest in reducing government waste and their individual interests in preserving government programs that benefit their constituents often produces a/an ________ that prevents political action to improve bureaucratic efficiency.

The town of Springfield has an extensive public transportation system that has grown steadily over time in response to the city's changing needs. However, the town council realizes that it is not as efficient as it might be. One of the biggest drains on the system is a program that shuttles elderly citizens from point to point, but discontinuing this program would be a public relations liability for the town council, so it recruits volunteers to drive these shuttles. This is an example of ________.

Which is a federally owned corporation that generates revenue by providing a public service and is operated much like a private business with extensive autonomy from the president or Congress?