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Ethane can be formed by reacting acetylene with hydrogen. C2H2(g) + 2H2(g) Ethane can be formed by reacting acetylene with hydrogen. C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(g)  + 2H<sub>2</sub>(g)    C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(g)  ΔH°<sub>rxn</sub> = -311 kJ Under which reaction conditions would you expect to have the greatest equilibrium yield of ethane? A)  high temperature, high pressure B)  low temperature, high pressure C)  high temperature, low pressure D)  low temperature, low pressure E)  None of these choices are correct. C2H6(g) ΔH°rxn = -311 kJ Under which reaction conditions would you expect to have the greatest equilibrium yield of ethane?


A) high temperature, high pressure
B) low temperature, high pressure
C) high temperature, low pressure
D) low temperature, low pressure
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The reaction of nitric oxide to form dinitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide is exothermic. 3NO(g) The reaction of nitric oxide to form dinitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide is exothermic. 3NO(g)    N<sub>2</sub>O(g)  + NO<sub>2</sub>(g)  + heat What effect will be seen if the temperature of the system at equilibrium is raised by 25°C? A)  The partial pressure of NO will increase. B)  The partial pressure of NO will decrease. C)  The partial pressure of NO<sub>2</sub> will increase. D)  The partial pressures of NO and N<sub>2</sub>O will increase. E)  All three partial pressures will increase. N2O(g) + NO2(g) + heat What effect will be seen if the temperature of the system at equilibrium is raised by 25°C?


A) The partial pressure of NO will increase.
B) The partial pressure of NO will decrease.
C) The partial pressure of NO2 will increase.
D) The partial pressures of NO and N2O will increase.
E) All three partial pressures will increase.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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A good catalyst for a reaction will speed up the forward reaction and slow down the reverse reaction.

A) True
B) False

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If all the reactants and products in an equilibrium reaction are in the gas phase, then Kp = Kc.

A) True
B) False

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The reaction system CS2(g) + 4H2(g) The reaction system CS<sub>2</sub>(g)  + 4H<sub>2</sub>(g)    CH<sub>4</sub>(g)  + 2H<sub>2</sub>S(g)  Is at equilibrium. Which of the following statements describes the behavior of the system if the partial pressure of hydrogen is doubled? A)  As equilibrium is reestablished, the partial pressure of carbon disulfide increases. B)  As equilibrium is reestablished, the partial pressure of methane, CH<sub>4</sub>, decreases. C)  As equilibrium is reestablished, the partial pressure of hydrogen decreases. D)  As equilibrium is reestablished, the partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide decreases. E)  As equilibrium is reestablished, all the partial pressures will decrease. CH4(g) + 2H2S(g) Is at equilibrium. Which of the following statements describes the behavior of the system if the partial pressure of hydrogen is doubled?


A) As equilibrium is reestablished, the partial pressure of carbon disulfide increases.
B) As equilibrium is reestablished, the partial pressure of methane, CH4, decreases.
C) As equilibrium is reestablished, the partial pressure of hydrogen decreases.
D) As equilibrium is reestablished, the partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide decreases.
E) As equilibrium is reestablished, all the partial pressures will decrease.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction A(g) + B(g) The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction A(g)  + B(g)    C(g)  Is 0.76 at 150°C. If 0.800 mol of A is added to 0.600 mol of B in a 1.00-L container at 150°C, what will be the equilibrium concentration of C? A)  0.19 M B)  0.29 M C)  0.36 M D)  0.41 M E)  0.51 M C(g) Is 0.76 at 150°C. If 0.800 mol of A is added to 0.600 mol of B in a 1.00-L container at 150°C, what will be the equilibrium concentration of C?


A) 0.19 M
B) 0.29 M
C) 0.36 M
D) 0.41 M
E) 0.51 M

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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Write the mass-action expression, c, for the following chemical reaction. 3ClO2-(aq) 2ClO3-(aq) + Cl-(aq)


A) Write the mass-action expression, c, for the following chemical reaction. 3ClO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  2ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  + Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) Write the mass-action expression, c, for the following chemical reaction. 3ClO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  2ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  + Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) Write the mass-action expression, c, for the following chemical reaction. 3ClO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  2ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  + Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) Write the mass-action expression, c, for the following chemical reaction. 3ClO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  2ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  + Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) Write the mass-action expression, c, for the following chemical reaction. 3ClO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  2ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>(aq)  + Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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A

Consider the equilibrium reaction: H2(g) + Br2(g) Consider the equilibrium reaction: H<sub>2</sub>(g)  + Br<sub>2</sub>(g)    2HBr(g)  Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between K<sub>c</sub> and K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction? A)  K<sub>p</sub> = K<sub>c</sub> B)  K<sub>p</sub> = (RT) K<sub>c</sub> C)  K<sub>p</sub> = (RT) 2K<sub>c</sub> D)  K<sub>p</sub> = K<sub>c</sub> / RT E)  K<sub>p</sub> = K<sub>c</sub> / (RT) <sup>2</sup> 2HBr(g) Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between Kc and Kp for the reaction?


A) Kp = Kc
B) Kp = (RT) Kc
C) Kp = (RT) 2Kc
D) Kp = Kc / RT
E) Kp = Kc / (RT) 2

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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Consider the equilibrium reaction shown below. B2(g) Consider the equilibrium reaction shown below. B2(g)    2B(g)  If the rate constants are: k<sub>fwd</sub> = 7.00 × 10<sup>-5</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> and k<sub>rev</sub> = 2.00 × 10<sup>-5</sup> L mol<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, what is the value of K<sub>c</sub> under these conditions? A)  1.75 × 10<sup>5</sup> B)  3.50 C)  0.286 D)  5.71 × 10<sup>-6</sup> E)  1.40 × 10<sup>-10</sup> 2B(g) If the rate constants are: kfwd = 7.00 × 10-5s-1 and krev = 2.00 × 10-5 L mol-1 s-1, what is the value of Kc under these conditions?


A) 1.75 × 105
B) 3.50
C) 0.286
D) 5.71 × 10-6
E) 1.40 × 10-10

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Once a reaction system reaches equilibrium, the concentrations of reactions and products no longer change.

A) True
B) False

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N2(g) + O2(g) N<sub>2</sub>(g)  + O<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NO(g)  K<sub>c</sub> = 4.8 × 10<sup>-31</sup> 2NOBr(g)    2NO(g)  + Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  K<sub>c</sub> = 0.50 Given the above equilibrium constant data at 25°C, what is the value of K<sub>c</sub> at this temperature for the reaction 2NOBr(g)    N<sub>2</sub>(g)  + O<sub>2</sub>(g)  + Br<sub>2</sub>(g) ? A)  2.4 × 10<sup>-31</sup> B)  9.6 × 10<sup>-31</sup> C)  1.0 × 10<sup>30</sup> D)  4.2 × 10<sup>30</sup> E)  None of these choices are correct. 2NO(g) Kc = 4.8 × 10-31 2NOBr(g) N<sub>2</sub>(g)  + O<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NO(g)  K<sub>c</sub> = 4.8 × 10<sup>-31</sup> 2NOBr(g)    2NO(g)  + Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  K<sub>c</sub> = 0.50 Given the above equilibrium constant data at 25°C, what is the value of K<sub>c</sub> at this temperature for the reaction 2NOBr(g)    N<sub>2</sub>(g)  + O<sub>2</sub>(g)  + Br<sub>2</sub>(g) ? A)  2.4 × 10<sup>-31</sup> B)  9.6 × 10<sup>-31</sup> C)  1.0 × 10<sup>30</sup> D)  4.2 × 10<sup>30</sup> E)  None of these choices are correct. 2NO(g) + Br2(g) Kc = 0.50 Given the above equilibrium constant data at 25°C, what is the value of Kc at this temperature for the reaction 2NOBr(g) N<sub>2</sub>(g)  + O<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NO(g)  K<sub>c</sub> = 4.8 × 10<sup>-31</sup> 2NOBr(g)    2NO(g)  + Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  K<sub>c</sub> = 0.50 Given the above equilibrium constant data at 25°C, what is the value of K<sub>c</sub> at this temperature for the reaction 2NOBr(g)    N<sub>2</sub>(g)  + O<sub>2</sub>(g)  + Br<sub>2</sub>(g) ? A)  2.4 × 10<sup>-31</sup> B)  9.6 × 10<sup>-31</sup> C)  1.0 × 10<sup>30</sup> D)  4.2 × 10<sup>30</sup> E)  None of these choices are correct. N2(g) + O2(g) + Br2(g) ?


A) 2.4 × 10-31
B) 9.6 × 10-31
C) 1.0 × 1030
D) 4.2 × 1030
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Changing the amount of a solid reactant or product in an equilibrium reaction will not affect the amounts of the other reactants and products present at equilibrium.

A) True
B) False

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Write the mass-action expression, Write the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)    Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)   c, for the following chemical reaction. Fe3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) Write the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)    Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)   Fe(OH) 3(s)


A) Write the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)    Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) Write the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)    Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) Write the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)    Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) Write the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)    Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) Write the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction. Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)  + 3OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)    Fe(OH) <sub>3</sub>(s)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Hydrogen sulfide can be formed in the following reaction: H2(g) + ½S2(g) Hydrogen sulfide can be formed in the following reaction: H<sub>2</sub>(g)  + ½S<sub>2</sub>(g)    H<sub>2</sub>S(g)  ΔH°rxn = -92 kJ The equilibrium constant K<sub>p</sub> = 106 at 1023 K. Estimate the value of K<sub>p</sub> at 1218 K. A)  5.05 B)  18.8 C)  34.7 D)  88.9 E)  598 H2S(g) ΔH°rxn = -92 kJ The equilibrium constant Kp = 106 at 1023 K. Estimate the value of Kp at 1218 K.


A) 5.05
B) 18.8
C) 34.7
D) 88.9
E) 598

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Carbon monoxide and chlorine combine in an equilibrium reaction to produce the highly toxic product, phosgene (COCl2) CO(g) + Cl2(g) Carbon monoxide and chlorine combine in an equilibrium reaction to produce the highly toxic product, phosgene (COCl<sub>2</sub>)  CO(g)  + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    COCl<sub>2</sub>(g)  If the equilibrium constant for this reaction is K<sub>c</sub> = 248, predict, if possible, what will happen when the reactants and product are combined with the concentrations shown. [CO] = [Cl<sub>2</sub>] = 0.010 M; [COCl<sub>2</sub>] = 0.070 M A)  The reaction will proceed to the right. B)  The reaction will proceed to the left. C)  The reaction is at equilibrium, and no change in concentrations will occur. D)  The container volume needs to be specified before a prediction can be made. E)  The temperature needs to be specified before a prediction can be made. COCl2(g) If the equilibrium constant for this reaction is Kc = 248, predict, if possible, what will happen when the reactants and product are combined with the concentrations shown. [CO] = [Cl2] = 0.010 M; [COCl2] = 0.070 M


A) The reaction will proceed to the right.
B) The reaction will proceed to the left.
C) The reaction is at equilibrium, and no change in concentrations will occur.
D) The container volume needs to be specified before a prediction can be made.
E) The temperature needs to be specified before a prediction can be made.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Hydrogen bromide will dissociate into hydrogen and bromine gases. 2HBr(g) Hydrogen bromide will dissociate into hydrogen and bromine gases. 2HBr(g)    H<sub>2</sub>(g)  + Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  ΔH°<sub>rxn</sub> = 68 kJ What effect will a temperature increase of 50°C have on this system at equilibrium? A)  The partial pressure of hydrogen bromide will increase. B)  The partial pressure of hydrogen will increase. C)  The partial pressure of hydrogen bromide and bromine will increase. D)  There will be no effect on the partial pressure of any of the gases. E)  Need to know the initial pressure, volume, and temperature before any of the above predictions can be made. H2(g) + Br2(g) ΔH°rxn = 68 kJ What effect will a temperature increase of 50°C have on this system at equilibrium?


A) The partial pressure of hydrogen bromide will increase.
B) The partial pressure of hydrogen will increase.
C) The partial pressure of hydrogen bromide and bromine will increase.
D) There will be no effect on the partial pressure of any of the gases.
E) Need to know the initial pressure, volume, and temperature before any of the above predictions can be made.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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When a reaction system reaches equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions stop.

A) True
B) False

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For a gas-phase equilibrium, a change in the pressure of any single reactant or product will change Kp.

A) True
B) False

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False

What is the mass-action expression, What is the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction? PbO(s)  + CO(g)    Pb(l)  + CO<sub>2</sub>(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)  None of these choices are correct. c, for the following chemical reaction? PbO(s) + CO(g) What is the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction? PbO(s)  + CO(g)    Pb(l)  + CO<sub>2</sub>(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)  None of these choices are correct. Pb(l) + CO2(g)


A) What is the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction? PbO(s)  + CO(g)    Pb(l)  + CO<sub>2</sub>(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)  None of these choices are correct.
B) What is the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction? PbO(s)  + CO(g)    Pb(l)  + CO<sub>2</sub>(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)  None of these choices are correct.
C) What is the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction? PbO(s)  + CO(g)    Pb(l)  + CO<sub>2</sub>(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)  None of these choices are correct.
D) What is the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction? PbO(s)  + CO(g)    Pb(l)  + CO<sub>2</sub>(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)  None of these choices are correct.
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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A

The equilibrium constant, Kp, for the reaction CO(g) + H2O(g) The equilibrium constant, Kp, for the reaction CO(g)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(g)    CO<sub>2</sub>(g)  + H<sub>2</sub>(g)  At 986°C is 0.63. A rigid cylinder at that temperature contains 1.2 atm of carbon monoxide, 0.20 atm of water vapor, 0.30 atm of carbon dioxide, and 0.27 atm of hydrogen. Is the system at equilibrium? A)  Yes. B)  No, the forward reaction must proceed to establish equilibrium. C)  No, the reverse reaction must proceed to establish equilibrium. D)  Need to know the volume of the container before deciding. E)  Need to know the starting concentrations of all substances before deciding. CO2(g) + H2(g) At 986°C is 0.63. A rigid cylinder at that temperature contains 1.2 atm of carbon monoxide, 0.20 atm of water vapor, 0.30 atm of carbon dioxide, and 0.27 atm of hydrogen. Is the system at equilibrium?


A) Yes.
B) No, the forward reaction must proceed to establish equilibrium.
C) No, the reverse reaction must proceed to establish equilibrium.
D) Need to know the volume of the container before deciding.
E) Need to know the starting concentrations of all substances before deciding.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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