A) It is produced by mass transfer in close binaries.
B) It is produced during the late stages of fusion in low- mass stars.
C) It was produced during the Big Bang.
D) It is produced during the supernova explosions of high- mass stars.
F) A) and B)
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A) Each successive stage lasts for approximately as long as the first, hydrogen fusion stage.
B) Each successive stage of fusion requires higher temperatures than the previous stages.
C) As each stage ends, the core shrinks further.
D) Each successive stage creates an element with a higher atomic weight.
F) A) and D)
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A) a low- mass star
B) a high- mass star
C) an intermediate- mass star
E) A) and C)
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A) they would fragment into binary stars because of their rapid rotation.
B) they would generate so much power that they would blow themselves apart.
C) they would be too massive for hydrogen fusion to occur in their cores.
D) they would shine exclusively at X- ray wavelengths and would be difficult to detect.
E) molecular clouds do not have enough material to form such massive stars.
G) C) and D)
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A) It will become a neutron star.
B) It will slowly evaporate to nothing.
C) It will become a white dwarf.
D) It will remain a brown dwarf forever.
E) It will become a black hole.
G) B) and D)
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The protostar assembles from the molecul...View Answer
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A) protostar, main- sequence star, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf
B) protostar, main- sequence star, planetary nebula, red giant
C) protostar, main- sequence star, red giant, supernova, neutron star
D) main- sequence star, white dwarf, red giant, planetary nebula, protostar
F) B) and C)
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A) The giant must once have been the more massive star, but is now less massive because it transferred some of its mass to its companion.
B) The two stars are simply evolving normally and independently, and one has become a giant before the other.
C) The two stars probably were once separate, but became a binary when a close encounter allowed their mutual gravity to pull them together.
D) Although both stars probably formed from the same clump of gas, the more massive one must have had its birth slowed so that it became a main sequence stars millions of years later than its less massive companion.
F) All of the above
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A) The two stars should be the same age, so we'd expect the subgiant to be more massive than the main- sequence star.
B) A star with a mass of 3.7 MSun is too big to be a main sequence star.
C) It doesn't make sense to find a subgiant in a binary star system.
D) The two stars in a binary system should both be at the same stage of life; that is, they should either both be main sequence stars or both be subgiants.
F) All of the above
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A) cooler and brighter.
B) hotter and dimmer.
C) hotter and brighter.
D) the same temperature and brightness.
E) cooler and dimmer.
G) B) and E)
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A) very high- mass, type O and B stars
B) red giants
C) about the same mass as our Sun
D) less massive than the Sun
F) A) and C)
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A) Their core temperatures are too low.
B) The CNO cycle makes elements heavier than carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
C) They don't have enough carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
E) All of the above
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A) beryllium
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) lithium
F) None of the above
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A) a black hole.
B) a supernova.
C) a white dwarf made primarily of silicon and iron.
D) a white dwarf made primarily of carbon and oxygen.
E) a neutron star.
G) A) and C)
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Basic founding assumptions of the theory...View Answer
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A) three helium nuclei fuse to form one carbon nucleus
B) two helium nuclei fuse to form one beryllium nucleus
C) four helium nuclei fuse to form one oxygen nucleus
D) two hydrogen nuclei fuse to form one helium nucleus
F) A) and C)
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A) intense ultraviolet radiation coming from a protostar
B) strong winds of particles blowing out into space from a protostar
C) powerful "jets" shooting out along the rotation axis of a protostar
D) the formation of a spinning disk of material around a protostar
F) A) and C)
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A) It expands, becoming bigger but dimmer.
B) Its core contracts, but its outer layers expand and the star becomes bigger and brighter.
C) It contracts, becoming hotter and brighter.
D) It contracts, becoming smaller and dimmer.
E) Its core contracts, but its outer layers expand and the star becomes bigger but cooler and therefore remains at the same brightness.
G) C) and D)
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A) white dwarf, main- sequence, red giant, protostar
B) protostar, red giant, main- sequence, white dwarf
C) red giant, protostar, main- sequence, white dwarf
D) protostar, main- sequence, white dwarf, red giant
E) protostar, main- sequence, red giant, white dwarf
G) C) and D)
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A) hotter and brighter.
B) hotter and dimmer.
C) cooler and brighter.
D) the same temperature and brightness.
E) cooler and dimmer.
G) A) and E)
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