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Exam 19: Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

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Question 21

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Charles Darwin is credited with creating the binomial nomenclature system of classification.

A) True
B) False

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Question 22

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The amino acid sequences in cytochrome c were determined for chickens,ducks,and humans.Scientists found a difference of 3 amino acids between chickens and ducks,and 13 differences between chickens and humans.Based on this information,one can conclude that

A) chickens are as closely related to humans as they are to ducks.
B) chickens are more closely related to ducks than they are to humans.
C) ducks are more closely related to humans than they are to chickens.
D) chickens are more closely related to humans than they are ducks.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 23

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Create a list of the features used to describe members of domain Eukarya.

The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle could be thought of as a taxonomist since he sorted organisms into groups based on a set of shared traits.

When creating a molecular clock,investigators often use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)because it mutates much more quickly than nuclear DNA.

The scientific name of the American copperhead is Agkistrodon contortrix and the scientific name of the Australian pygmy copperhead is Austrelaps labialis.Based on this information,which of the following statements is true?

Which domains replaced kingdom Monera?

A taxon is the general name for a group of organisms that exhibit a set of shared traits.

The opposable thumb in primates is an example of an ancestral trait in mammals,while mammary glands are an example of a derived trait.

Which of the following statements about taxonomy is NOT true?

What is the correct order of the Linnaean system of classification,starting with the most general category?

The scientific name of the giant swallowtail is Heraclides cresphontes.Therefore,

The principle of parsimony states that a cladogram produces the best hypothesis about relationships of organisms when the maximum number of assumptions is considered.

Scientists use Italian when constructing scientific names.

________ is the process of naming and assigning organisms to a taxon.

Taxonomy

If there are so many million insects and so few scientists to describe them,perhaps we could just assign the insects numbers and descriptions,rather than names.Describe why this would not accomplish the same "job" as giving them a scientific name,and provide two potential items of knowledge that would be missing with just a number and description.Simply,what does naming an organism accomplish?

The scientific name of the family dog is Canis familiaris.Canis represents the species'

When ectoparasites first arrive and adapt to the fur or feathery habitat of a host,they often lose more complex ancestral features.So it is possible to gain a trait in evolution and subsequently lose it.However,it is considered vastly improbable that this same trait will again re-evolve.Therefore,in trying to trace evolutionary lineages,can we always expect the most primitive forms to be the simplest and the most advanced to be the most complex? Why or why not?

DNA or protein can be used as a "molecular clock" that tells how long it has been since two species have diverged from a common ancestor.