Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding the surface of the skin is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   It has goblet cells.
B)   It is salty.
C)   It is acidic.
D)   It has normal microbiota.
E)   It has sebum as a coating.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

The normal microbiota compete with pathogens in a variety of ways to protect the body, creating a situation known as microbial (antagonism/competition/resistance).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The normal microbiota compete with pathogens in...

Question 3

The alternative pathway for complement activation is more effective than the classical pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The leukocytes called natural killer lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

A)   respond to the coating of a pathogen by complement.
B)   release prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes.
C)   increase in allergies and helminth infection.
D)   are nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells.
E)   are specialists in killing bacteria.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 5

The components of the second line of defense against microbes may be characterized as

Accepted Answer

A)   responders to invasion.
B)   detecting the unique features of specific pathogens.
C)   passive barriers.
D)   mechanisms to strengthen the first line of defense.
E)   both passive barriers and detecting specific pathogen features.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

In the case of phagocytes, positive chemotaxis involves the use of (cilia/flagella/pseudopodia) to move toward the microorganism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the case of phagocytes, positive chemotaxis...

Question 7

Alpha and beta interferons

Accepted Answer

A)   produce active antiviral proteins (AVPs)  that coat the surface of healthy cells and prevent the attachment of pathogenic viruses.
B)   help protect virus- infected cells from the effects of the pathogen.
C)   protect the cells that secrete them from being invaded by a virus.
D)   are produced by infected fibroblasts and macrophages.
E)   produce no adverse effects in the body.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

The oily substance that lowers the pH of the skin's surface to about pH 5 and is inhibitory to many bacteria is (sebum/sweat/serum).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The oily substance that lowers the pH...

Question 9

Which of the following are chemotactic factors for phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)   interferons and chemokines
B)   chemokines and peptide fragments from complement
C)   peptide fragments from complement
D)   interferons
E)   chemokinesF) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 10

The phenomenon known as chemotaxis is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes.
B)   the coating of a pathogen by complement.
C)   an increase in allergies and helminth infection.
D)   the squeezing of cells through the lining of capillaries.
E)   the movement of a cell toward or away from a chemical stimulus.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 11

Which of the following cells increase in number during a helminth infection?

Accepted Answer

A)   macrophages
B)   neutrophils
C)   basophils
D)   eosinophils
E)   lymphocytesF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

The absence of necessary receptors is the basis of the defense against microbial invasion known as (natural/innate/species) resistance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The absence of necessary receptors is the...

Question 13

Which of the following statements about eosinophil function is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   They secrete toxins onto virally infected cells.
B)   They produce defensins.
C)   They identify and spare normal cells.
D)   They are involved in the removal of neoplastic cells.
E)   They attach to the surface of parasitic helminths and produce toxins that kill the parasite.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics is shared by the skin and mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)   They both have cilia.
B)   Sebum may be present.
C)   They are both constantly shedding and replacing cells.
D)   Lysozymes are always present.
E)   The outer layers are composed of dead cells.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

The process known as (complement/inflammation/phagocytosis) brings a variety of physical, chemical and cellular factors together to fight invading microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process known as (complement/inflammation/phagocytosis) brings a...

Question 16

What is phagocytosis? What does it involve?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis is a process by which a cel...

Question 17

Fever is beneficial during viral infection because the higher temperature

Accepted Answer

A)   increases the effectiveness of interferons.
B)   results in virus being shed in sweat.
C)   prevents viral infection of fibroblasts.
D)   denatures viral proteins.
E)   increases vasodilation, bringing more leukocytes to the site of infection.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 18

First line of defense may be described as

Accepted Answer

A)   the release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes.
B)   damage resulting in cell lysis.
C)   intact skin, mucous membranes, sebum, tears, and so forth.
D)   nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells.
E)   the coating of a pathogen by complement.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 19

The (epithelial/goblet/mucous) cells in the tracheal mucous membrane produce mucus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The (epithelial/goblet/mucous) cells in the tracheal mucous...

Question 20

Which of the following leukocytes have granules in their cytoplasm that stain blue with methylene blue?

Accepted Answer

A)   basophils
B)   eosinophils
C)   monocytes
D)   neutrophils
E)   lymphocytesF) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Exam 15: Innate Immunity

The leukocytes called natural killer lymphocytes

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First line of defense may be described as

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The (epithelial/goblet/mucous) cells in the tracheal mucous membrane produce mucus.

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The normal microbiota compete with pathogens in a variety of ways to protect the body, creating a situation known as microbial (antagonism/competition/resistance).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The absence of necessary receptors is the basis of the defense against microbial invasion known as (natural/innate/species) resistance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following leukocytes have granules in their cytoplasm that stain blue with methylene blue?

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The components of the second line of defense against microbes may be characterized as

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Which of the following statements about eosinophil function is true?

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What is phagocytosis? What does it involve?

Correct AnswerverifiedPhagocytosis is a process by which a cel...View AnswerShow Answer

In the case of phagocytes, positive chemotaxis involves the use of (cilia/flagella/pseudopodia) to move toward the microorganism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding the surface of the skin is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The oily substance that lowers the pH of the skin's surface to about pH 5 and is inhibitory to many bacteria is (sebum/sweat/serum).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alpha and beta interferons

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Which of the following are chemotactic factors for phagocytes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The phenomenon known as chemotaxis is defined as

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The alternative pathway for complement activation is more effective than the classical pathway.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fever is beneficial during viral infection because the higher temperature

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following cells increase in number during a helminth infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characteristics is shared by the skin and mucous membranes?

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The process known as (complement/inflammation/phagocytosis) brings a variety of physical, chemical and cellular factors together to fight invading microorganisms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Phagocytosis is a process by which a cel...
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