Question 1

According to Rochel Gelman, children's use of _____ is especially important in explaining areas of improvement on conservation tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)   symbols
B)   language
C)   attention
D)   animismE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Explain the difference between executive attention and sustained attention.

Accepted Answer

Executive attention involves planning ac...

Question 3

In the areas of school/peers and the community, steps can be taken to create conditions that enhance a child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury. Give two of the suggestions listed in the textbook and describe how a teacher might implement those suggestions.

Accepted Answer

School/peers: (1) Promote home/school pa...

Question 4

Juan has been able to go up stairs raising one foot at a time, but he is just managing how to come down stairs without putting two feet on each step before stepping down. His _____ motor skills are on pace for a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   fine; three-year-old
B)   fine; four-year-old
C)   gross; three-year-old
D)   gross; four-year-oldE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How would a teacher use peer scaffolding to help children learn mathematics within the zone?

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development (ZPD), ...

Question 6

Researchers have found that advances in executive function in the preschool years are linked with all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   math skills.
B)   school readiness.
C)   language development.
D)   socioemotional development.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Shelley and Nathan have a diet typical of small children in the United States, so it is likely that all the following are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   their fast-food meals have too many calories.
B)   corn is the vegetable they have most often.
C)   almost half of their meals are too high in saturated fat.
D)   about one-third of their food comes from restaurants.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Adjusting speech to communicate with a two-year-old, a same-aged peer, or an adult shows an understanding of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   morphology
B)   semantics
C)   syntax
D)   pragmaticsE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

The focusing of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others is:

Accepted Answer

A)   pragmatics.
B)   animism.
C)   conservation.
D)   centration.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Which is not one of the six key principles in young children's vocabulary development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children learn words best when they access clear information about word meaning.
B)   Children learn words best in passive contexts.
C)   Children learn words for things and events that interest them.
D)   Children learn best in contexts that are meaningful.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Piaget's preoperational stage is so named because he believed that children at this age:

Accepted Answer

A)   do not yet perform reversible mental actions.
B)   cannot yet form stable concepts.
C)   are unable to reason.
D)   cannot operate electronic devices like TVs.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Carina is a new nanny for a family with small children. She knows that all of the following are good rules for eating EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   that she should eat with the children.
B)   that she should model healthy food.
C)   eating on a predictable schedule.
D)   eating in front of the television.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Miguel is playing with buttons from his mother's sewing box. He is pretending they are little cars having a race. This behavior shows Miguel is in the _____ substage of preoperational thinking.

Accepted Answer

A)   formal operational
B)   intuitive thought
C)   symbolic function
D)   concrete operationalE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

"My computer doesn't like me-it keeps eating my pictures," says three-year-old Kimberly. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   animism.
B)   intuitive thinking.
C)   conservation.
D)   egocentrism.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Research with the memory-span task suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)   short-term memory increases during early childhood.
B)   the range of memory span depends on autobiographical memories.
C)   memory span depends on one's ethnic origin.
D)   heredity is a major factor affecting memory.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

_____ refers to the ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.

Accepted Answer

A)   Phonology
B)   Morphology
C)   Syntax
D)   SemanticsE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.

Accepted Answer

One of the reasons that memory span impr...

Question 18

The realization that people can have false beliefs develops in a majority of children by the time they are _____ years old.

Accepted Answer

A)   two
B)   three
C)   four
D)   fiveE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Briefly describe the two substages of preoperational thought. Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.

Accepted Answer

The Piagetian preoperational stage in co...

Question 20

After a while, self-talk becomes second nature to children, and they can act without verbalizing, thus creating a form of _____, which becomes their thoughts.

Accepted Answer

A)   silent speech
B)   inner speech
C)   automatic speech
D)   private speechE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Piaget's preoperational stage is so named because he believed that children at this age:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juan has been able to go up stairs raising one foot at a time, but he is just managing how to come down stairs without putting two feet on each step before stepping down. His _____ motor skills are on pace for a _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How would a teacher use peer scaffolding to help children learn mathematics within the zone?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe zone of proximal development (ZPD), ...View AnswerShow Answer

According to Rochel Gelman, children's use of _____ is especially important in explaining areas of improvement on conservation tasks.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carina is a new nanny for a family with small children. She knows that all of the following are good rules for eating EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is not one of the six key principles in young children's vocabulary development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The focusing of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the difference between executive attention and sustained attention.

Correct AnswerverifiedExecutive attention involves planning ac...View AnswerShow Answer

Research with the memory-span task suggests that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"My computer doesn't like me-it keeps eating my pictures," says three-year-old Kimberly. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the areas of school/peers and the community, steps can be taken to create conditions that enhance a child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury. Give two of the suggestions listed in the textbook and describe how a teacher might implement those suggestions.

Correct AnswerverifiedSchool/peers: (1) Promote home/school pa...View AnswerShow Answer

Researchers have found that advances in executive function in the preschool years are linked with all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.

Correct AnswerverifiedOne of the reasons that memory span impr...View AnswerShow Answer

Briefly describe the two substages of preoperational thought. Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Piagetian preoperational stage in co...View AnswerShow Answer

_____ refers to the ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After a while, self-talk becomes second nature to children, and they can act without verbalizing, thus creating a form of _____, which becomes their thoughts.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Miguel is playing with buttons from his mother's sewing box. He is pretending they are little cars having a race. This behavior shows Miguel is in the _____ substage of preoperational thinking.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adjusting speech to communicate with a two-year-old, a same-aged peer, or an adult shows an understanding of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shelley and Nathan have a diet typical of small children in the United States, so it is likely that all the following are true EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The realization that people can have false beliefs develops in a majority of children by the time they are _____ years old.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Juan has been able to go up stairs raising one foot at a time, but he is just managing how to come down stairs without putting two feet on each step before stepping down. His _ motor skills are on pace for a _.

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The zone of proximal development (ZPD), ...
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Executive attention involves planning ac...
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School/peers: (1) Promote home/school pa...
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One of the reasons that memory span impr...
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The Piagetian preoperational stage in co...
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Correct Answer
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