Question 1

Generally,a chemical buffer is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  a strong acid or strong base that brings the pH of a solution to 7.0.
B)  a weak acid and weak base that help prevent big changes in pH.
C)  a neutral molecule that does not influence the pH in any way.
D)  a weak acid that makes a solution slightly more basic by its presence.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

The most common extracellular cation is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common extracellular cation is ________.
...

Question 3

Isomers of the same molecule have identical chemical properties.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A technician is asked to make up a solution of physiological saline and is told that it should be a 0.9% NaCl solution using the mass/volume percent measurement of concentration.If the technician is making 100 milliliters of solution,how much NaCl should be included

Accepted Answer

A)  9 micrograms
B)  9 kilograms
C)  9 grams
D)  0.9 grams
E)  90 gramsF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 5

The three-dimensional shape of a protein is known as its primary structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following statements accurately describes the solutes within a solution

Accepted Answer

A)  Water is the universal solute,and solutes are more abundant in solutions than solvents are.
B)  The solutes are not visible,do not scatter light,and do not settle if the solution is left standing.
C)  Solutes are greater than 100 nanometers in size,and will settle out of solution if the mixture is left standing.
D)  Solutes are between 50 and 100 nanometers in size;they do not scatter light but will settle out of solution if left standing.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Explain the attractive forces within and between molecules.In your answer,distinguish between polar and nonpolar bonds,and distinguish between single,double,and triple bonds.Also be sure to explain three types of intermolecular attractions.

Accepted Answer

A complete answer should describe the sh...

Question 8

A double covalent bond involves

Accepted Answer

A)  the sharing of one pair of electrons.
B)  the sharing of two pairs of electrons.
C)  the donation of one pair of electrons.
D)  the donation of two pairs of electrons.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Two atoms that differ only in the number of neutrons they contain are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  anions.
B)  isomers.
C)  isotopes.
D)  ions.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Within DNA,adenine makes hydrogen bonds with thymine,and guanine makes hydrogen bonds with cytosine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An emulsion is a combination of water and a nonpolar liquid that have been forcibly mixed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following lists describes three of the main functions served by proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  Waterproofing,energy storage,and transmission of the genetic code
B)  Cushioning of organs,thermal insulation,and establishing cell boundaries
C)  Catalysis of chemical reactions,body defenses,and movement
D)  Energy storage,body defenses,thermal insulationE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Which statement accurately describes how pH is related to denaturation

Accepted Answer

A)  Either a large increase or a large decrease in pH can lead to denaturation.
B)  Neither a large increase nor a large decrease in pH can lead to denaturation.
C)  A large increase but not a large decrease in pH can lead to denaturation.
D)  A large decrease but not a large increase in pH can lead to denaturation.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Biological half-life is the time required for

Accepted Answer

A)  half of an ionic compound to ionize.
B)  half of a radioactive material to be eliminated from the body.
C)  radioactivity levels of organic compounds to stabilize at one-half their original value.
D)  radiation exposure that is lethal for half of a biological population.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Describe the ionic form of calcium (what is its charge)
 Then describe how three physiological systems would malfunction if calcium levels were not maintained homeostatically.

Accepted Answer

Calcium is a divalent cation.I...

Question 16

In the formation of a compound of sodium chloride,

Accepted Answer

A)  a chlorine atom donates an electron to a sodium atom.
B)  a chloride ion donates two protons to a sodium ion.
C)  a sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
D)  a sodium ion donates two electrons to a chlorine atom.
E)  the sodium and chlorine atoms share a pair of electrons equally.F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

Phosphate ions are common cations within the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The most common lipids in the body are

Accepted Answer

A)  triglycerides,and they are used for energy storage in adipose.
B)  glycoproteins,and they are used as backbones for cell membranes.
C)  eicosanoids,and they are used as hormonal messengers.
D)  steroids,and they are used as signaling molecules in inflammatory responses.
E)  phospholipids,and they are used as key ingredients of bile salts.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

Proteins are

Accepted Answer

A)  polymers made up of amino acid monomers.
B)  monomers.
C)  monomers made of repeating subunits of polymers.
D)  neither monomers nor polymers.
E)  polymers made of repeating units of carbohydrates.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 20

Hemoglobin in blood,collagen in tendons,and enzymes in the digestive system are all examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins.
B)  lipids.
C)  amino acids.
D)  carbohydrates.
E)  catalysts.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Exam 2: Atoms,Ions,and Molecules

Two atoms that differ only in the number of neutrons they contain are known as

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The most common extracellular cation is ________.

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Hemoglobin in blood,collagen in tendons,and enzymes in the digestive system are all examples of

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The three-dimensional shape of a protein is known as its primary structure.

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The most common lipids in the body are

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Which of the following statements accurately describes the solutes within a solution

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Describe the ionic form of calcium (what is its charge) Then describe how three physiological systems would malfunction if calcium levels were not maintained homeostatically.

Correct AnswerverifiedCalcium is a divalent cation.I...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement accurately describes how pH is related to denaturation

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Phosphate ions are common cations within the body.

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Explain the attractive forces within and between molecules.In your answer,distinguish between polar and nonpolar bonds,and distinguish between single,double,and triple bonds.Also be sure to explain three types of intermolecular attractions.

Correct AnswerverifiedA complete answer should describe the sh...View AnswerShow Answer

A double covalent bond involves

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Isomers of the same molecule have identical chemical properties.

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Which of the following lists describes three of the main functions served by proteins

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Biological half-life is the time required for

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Generally,a chemical buffer is described as

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In the formation of a compound of sodium chloride,

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Within DNA,adenine makes hydrogen bonds with thymine,and guanine makes hydrogen bonds with cytosine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A technician is asked to make up a solution of physiological saline and is told that it should be a 0.9% NaCl solution using the mass/volume percent measurement of concentration.If the technician is making 100 milliliters of solution,how much NaCl should be included

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An emulsion is a combination of water and a nonpolar liquid that have been forcibly mixed.

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Proteins are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Calcium is a divalent cation.I...
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A complete answer should describe the sh...
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