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Exam 7: The Experimental Research Strategy.

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Question 31

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In an experiment,manipulation of the independent variable requires ____.

A) ​creating one treatment condition defined by one level of the independent variable
B) ​creating at least two treatment conditions defined by two different levels of the? independent variable
C) creating at least three treatment conditions defined by three different levels of the? independent variable
D) ​measuring two separate variables to determine how they are related

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 32

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A researcher moves the real world into the laboratory.This type of research is called a ____.

A) ​simulation study
B) ​field study
C) transported study
D) ​quasi-experimental study

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 33

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A researcher reports that participants made fewer errors on a simulated air-traffic-control task when quiet background music was playing than when there was no music.For this study,the number of errors is the independent variable.

Research indicates the people who suffer from depression also tend to experience insomnia.However,it is unclear whether the depression causes insomnia or the lack of sleep causes depression.This is an example of the ____.

In an experiment,the purpose for manipulating the independent variable is to help ____.

Describe one situation where a manipulation check might be appropriate and explain what the manipulation check is intended to accomplish.

Simulation involves bringing aspects of the real world into the laboratory.

Dr.Nguyen is studying how the quality of breakfast influences academic performance for elementary school children.A sample of 100 children is selected.Fifty children are provided with a nutritious breakfast when they arrive at school each morning.The other 50 children are given a doughnut each morning.After three months,Dr.Nguyen records the academic achievement level for each child and compares the two groups of scores.In this example,how many levels are there for the independent variable?

Dr.Jones systematically varies the temperature in the laboratory (70,80,and 90 degrees Fahrenheit) while holding other variables constant,and observes that the participants' activity level decreases as the temperature increases.This illustrates ____.​

A researcher is performing an experiment to determine whether eating protein causes a sad mood.Measurements of mood in this experiment would be the ____ variable.

What is the purpose for using a control group in an experiment?

A researcher designs a study to determine whether female preschoolers prefer sweetened or unsweetened cereal.The researcher uses a box of sweetened colorful cereal and a box of unsweetened tan colored cereal.The research finds that the group of preschoolers ate more of the sweetened colorful cereal and therefore prefers the sweetened cereal.Which two variables are confounded in this experiment?

In an experiment comparing two treatments,the researcher assigns participants to treatment conditions so that each condition has 15 seven-year-old children and 10 eight-year-old children.For this study,what method is being used to control participant age?

The measured variable in an experiment is the ____ variable.

The specific treatment conditions that are used in an experiment are called the ____.

Preventing an extraneous variable from becoming a confounding variable by holding it constant can result in a threat to external validity.

In an experiment,any variable that varies systematically with the treatment conditions and might influence the participants' scores is called a(n) ____ variable.

Explain the difference between a no-treatment control group and a placebo control group.

A researcher moves an experiment out of the laboratory and into the real world.This type of research is called a ____.

Dr.Hines is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence people's moods during the winter.A sample of 100 households is selected.Fifty of the homes are randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr.Hones replaces all the lights with 100-watt bulbs.In the other 50 houses,all the lights are changed to 60-watt bulbs.After two months,Dr.Hines measures the level of depression for the people living in the houses.In this example,the level of depression is the ____ variable.