Question 1

To assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her school, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana is ensuring that her survey results are accurate by using

Accepted Answer

A)   random assignment.
B)   naturalistic observation.
C)   replication.
D)   random sampling.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Six of the children in Mr. Myer's class were born on exactly the same day. This strikes him as astonishing and improbable. In this instance, he should be reminded that

Accepted Answer

A)   random sequences of events often don't look random.
B)   events often seem more probable in hindsight.
C)   sampling extreme cases leads to false generalizations.
D)   the median is typically smaller than the mean.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

A correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of the

Accepted Answer

A)   difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
B)   extent to which two factors vary together.
C)   statistical significance of a difference between two sample means.
D)   frequency of scores at each level of some measure.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

To study the effects of noise on worker productivity, researchers have one group of people work in a noisy room and a second group work in a quiet room. To be sure that any differences in the productivity of the two groups actually result from the different noise levels, the researcher should use

Accepted Answer

A)   the case study.
B)   correlational measurement.
C)   naturalistic observation.
D)   random assignment.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Approximately 68 percent of the cases represented by the normal curve fall within ________ standard deviation(s)  from the mean.

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   34E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Giving half the members of a group some purported psychological finding and the other half an opposite result is an easy way to demonstrate the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   the placebo effect.
B)   confounding variables.
C)   hindsight bias.
D)   the double-blind procedure.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

What is the mean of the following distribution of scores: 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 4, 6, 9, 1, 4?

Accepted Answer

A)   2
B)   10
C)   6
D)   15E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

A refusal to consider potential evidence that might conflict with one's preconceived ideas best illustrates a lack of

Accepted Answer

A)   informed consent.
B)   critical thinking.
C)   operational definition.
D)   predictive hypotheses.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter using?

Accepted Answer

A)   survey research
B)   case study
C)   experimentation
D)   naturalistic observationE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Assessing whether conclusions are warranted by the existing evidence best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   critical thinking.
B)   naturalistic observation.
C)   the placebo effect.
D)   the double-blind procedure.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

In a psychological experiment, the factor that may be influenced by the manipulated experimental treatment is called the ________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent
B)   experimental
C)   control
D)   independentE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

A random sample of females was observed to exhibit a lower average level of self- esteem than a random sample of males. To assess the likelihood that this observed difference reflects a real difference in the average self-esteem of the total population of males and females, you should

Accepted Answer

A)   construct a scatterplot.
B)   calculate a correlation coefficient.
C)   plot the distribution of self-esteem levels among all males and females.
D)   conduct a test of statistical significance.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

If someone were to flip a coin six times, which of the following sequences of heads (H)  and tails (T)  would be most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)   H H H T T T
B)   H T T H T H
C)   T T T T T T
D)   All of these sequences would be equally likely.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

To better understand how brain malfunctions influence behavior, Dr. Mosher extensively and carefully observes and questions two stroke victims. Which research method is Dr. Mosher using?

Accepted Answer

A)   random sampling
B)   the survey
C)   the case study
D)   experimentationE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Conducting a case study best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   random sampling.
B)   the correlational method.
C)   the double-blind procedure.
D)   the descriptive method.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Experimentation is more useful than correlational research for testing the claim that

Accepted Answer

A)   children who view a great deal of television violence are also likely to be unusually aggressive.
B)   people who exercise frequently are less likely to suffer from depression than infrequent exercisers.
C)   people's friendliness and feelings of happiness are increased by theConsumption of alcohol.
D)   people who consume excessive amounts of coffee experience higher-than-E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 17

Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society urge psychological investigators to forewarn potential research participants of the exact hypotheses that the research will test.

Accepted Answer

A)   avoid the use of laboratory experiments when the behaviors of interest can be
B)   directly observed in natural settings.
C)   ensure that research participants give informed consent before participating inThe research.
D)   avoid the use of monetary incentives in recruiting people to participate inE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which statement about the ethics of experimentation with people and animals is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   The same processes by which humans learn are present in rats, monkeys, and other animals.
B)   Views on whether it is right to place the well-being of humans above that of animals are the same in every culture.
C)   The American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society have set strict guidelines for the care and treatment of human andAnimal subjects.
D)   Most psychological studies are free of such stress as the delivery of electricE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Critical thinking is smart thinking that involves

Accepted Answer

A)   debriefing.
B)   case study.
C)   evaluating evidence.
D)   informed consent.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

According to Emily's grandfather, Adolf Hitler's obvious emotional instability made it clear from the beginning days of his international conflicts that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather's claim best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   hindsight bias.
B)   the placebo effect.
C)   naturalistic observation.
D)   random sampling.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 1: Tiinking Critically With Psychological Science

Which statement about the ethics of experimentation with people and animals is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the mean of the following distribution of scores: 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 4, 6, 9, 1, 4?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Giving half the members of a group some purported psychological finding and the other half an opposite result is an easy way to demonstrate the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her school, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana is ensuring that her survey results are accurate by using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To better understand how brain malfunctions influence behavior, Dr. Mosher extensively and carefully observes and questions two stroke victims. Which research method is Dr. Mosher using?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If someone were to flip a coin six times, which of the following sequences of heads (H) and tails (T) would be most likely?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Critical thinking is smart thinking that involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A refusal to consider potential evidence that might conflict with one's preconceived ideas best illustrates a lack of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assessing whether conclusions are warranted by the existing evidence best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society urge psychological investigators to forewarn potential research participants of the exact hypotheses that the research will test.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Emily's grandfather, Adolf Hitler's obvious emotional instability made it clear from the beginning days of his international conflicts that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather's claim best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A random sample of females was observed to exhibit a lower average level of self- esteem than a random sample of males. To assess the likelihood that this observed difference reflects a real difference in the average self-esteem of the total population of males and females, you should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conducting a case study best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To study the effects of noise on worker productivity, researchers have one group of people work in a noisy room and a second group work in a quiet room. To be sure that any differences in the productivity of the two groups actually result from the different noise levels, the researcher should use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a psychological experiment, the factor that may be influenced by the manipulated experimental treatment is called the ________ variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Six of the children in Mr. Myer's class were born on exactly the same day. This strikes him as astonishing and improbable. In this instance, he should be reminded that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Approximately 68 percent of the cases represented by the normal curve fall within ________ standard deviation(s) from the mean.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experimentation is more useful than correlational research for testing the claim that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter using?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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