Question 1

Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

Accepted Answer

A)   molecules
B)   nonelectrolytes and solutes.
C)   electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current.
D)   nonelectrolytes, because they do not conduct an electrical current.
E)   molecules and electrolytes.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

Hydrogen bonds are important for all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)   producing surface tension in water
B)   helping hold DNA strands together
C)   helping atoms give up or receive electrons
D)   helping hold a protein structure togetherE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain are held together by

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrogen bonds.
B)   high energy bonds.
C)   peptide bonds.
D)   Van der Waals bonds.
E)   ionic bonds.F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

How does a buffer help a solution maintain pH?

Accepted Answer

A)   A buffer releases acid to maintain proper pH.
B)   A buffer forms both cations and anions to counteract acids.
C)   A buffer can act like a base if pH is acidic, and it can act like an acid if pH is basic.
D)   A buffer release base to neutralize acid.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)   triglyceride--fat
B)   eicosanoid--prostaglandin
C)   ribose--RNA
D)   enzyme--protein
E)   cholesterol--nucleic acidF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

A base is a proton

Accepted Answer

A)   donor.
B)   converter.
C)   acceptor.
D)   creator.
E)   Both acceptor and creator.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

What protein structure results from folding or coiling of a polypeptide chain caused by hydrogen bonds between amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary structure
B)   tertiary structure
C)   quaternary structure
D)   primary structure
E)   peptide structureF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 8

The building blocks of proteins are

Accepted Answer

A)   eicosanoids.
B)   amino acids.
C)   triglycerides.
D)   phospholipids.
E)   monosaccharides.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

-The sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   chloride ion
B)   dissociation
C)   water molecule
D)   sodium ion
E)   salt crystalF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

The energy stored in ATP is a form of ________ energy.

Accepted Answer

A)   mechanical
B)   heat
C)   electrical
D)   chemical
E)   kineticF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

-Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young adult male. What kind of bond is found at "B"?

Accepted Answer

A)   oxygen atom
B)   polar covalent bond
C)   water molecule
D)   hydrogen atom
E)   hydrogen bondF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

Hyperventilation causes the loss of large amounts of carbon dioxide from the body, decreasing the amount of hydrogen ions in solution. As a result,

Accepted Answer

A)   the pH of body fluids will rise.
B)   the pH of body fluids will fall.
C)   the pH of body fluids will become neutral.
D)   the pH of body fluids will not be affected.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 13

The molecule used most frequently by cells as a fuel belongs to which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A)   carbohydrates
B)   nucleic acids
C)   prostaglandins
D)   phospholipids
E)   steroidsF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide.
B)   Sodium chloride is dissolved in water.
C)   ATP is converted to ADP.
D)   Sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.
E)   Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 15

Chemical energy

Accepted Answer

A)   moves matter.
B)   results from the position or movement of objects.
C)   is a form of potential energy within chemical bonds.
D)   comes from the sun.
E)   is not important in physiological processes.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35,

Accepted Answer

A)   the number of red blood cells decreases.
B)   the blood becomes saltier.
C)   an imbalance called acidosis results.
D)   an imbalance called alkalosis results.
E)   nothing happens as this is an acceptable deviation.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Consider the following five terms. Which term does not belong with the other four terms?

Accepted Answer

A)   glucose
B)   lactose
C)   disaccharide
D)   sucrose
E)   maltoseF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 18

Heat energy is

Accepted Answer

A)   energy that flows between objects with different temperatures.
B)   movement of ions or electrons.
C)   stored energy that could do work but is not doing so.
D)   energy that moves in waves.
E)   the form of energy that actually does work.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

If the products of a chemical reaction contain less potential energy than the reactants,

Accepted Answer

A)   energy has been stored in the molecular bonds of the product.
B)   energy has been released by the breaking of molecular bonds.
C)   the reaction will be reversible without additional energy input.
D)   a synthesis reaction is likely to have occurred.
E)   All of these choices are correct.F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 20

When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions

Accepted Answer

A)   dissociate or separate from one another.
B)   get lost in the solvent.
C)   cling tightly together.
D)   lose their charge.
E)   settle to the bottom of the container.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

The energy stored in ATP is a form of ________ energy.

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Adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain are held together by

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Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35,

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When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions

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A base is a proton

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Hyperventilation causes the loss of large amounts of carbon dioxide from the body, decreasing the amount of hydrogen ions in solution. As a result,

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What protein structure results from folding or coiling of a polypeptide chain caused by hydrogen bonds between amino acids?

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Hydrogen bonds are important for all of the following except:

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-The sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "A" represent?

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The molecule used most frequently by cells as a fuel belongs to which of the following groups?

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The building blocks of proteins are

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Heat energy is

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How does a buffer help a solution maintain pH?

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Which of the following is mismatched?

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Chemical energy

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If the products of a chemical reaction contain less potential energy than the reactants,

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Consider the following five terms. Which term does not belong with the other four terms?

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Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

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Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

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-Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young adult male. What kind of bond is found at "B"?

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