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Exam 12: The Laws of Thermodynamics

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Question 21

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Suppose a power plant uses a Carnot engine to generate electricity, using the atmosphere at 300 K as the low-temperature reservoir.Suppose the power plant produces 1 * 10⁶ J of electricity with the hot reservoir at 500 K during Day One and then produces 1 * 10⁶ J of electricity with the hot reservoir at 600 K during Day Two.The thermal pollution was:

A) greatest on Day One.
B) greatest on Day Two.
C) the same on both days.
D) zero on both days.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 22

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At the dice factory, sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots replaces the single dot side.The sides then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1 to 6.Using such dice for a game of craps, what will be the most probable roll?

A) 7, this change in dots results in the same most probable value.
B) 7.5
C) 8
D) 9

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Question 23

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A pound of body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal.If a 1 400-kg automobile had an equivalent amount of translational kinetic energy, how fast would it be moving? (0.447 m/s = 1 mph, 1 kcal = 4 186 J)

The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.40 to 0.55 m³ although its pressure remains constant at 50 000 Pa.What work is done on the system by its environment?

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L.If 100 J of heat is added, what is the work done on the system?

Which of the following choices best corresponds to what is required by the second law of thermodynamics for any process taking place in an isolated system?

In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases, are the heat absorbed, work done by the system, and the change in internal energy of the system positive, negative, or zero?

A 2.00-kg block of ice is at STP (0 $\degree$ C, 1 atm) while it melts completely to water.What is its change in entropy? (For ice, L_f = 3.34 * 10⁵ J/kg)

Entropy is a measure of the ____ of a system.

Area on a P-V diagram has units associated with:

An ideal gas at pressure, volume, and temperature, P₀, V₀, and T₀, respectively, is heated to point A, allowed to expand to point B also at A's temperature 2T₀, and then returned to the original condition.The internal energy decreases by 3P₀V₀/2 going from point B to point T₀.In going around this cycle once, which quantity equals zero?

A cylinder containing an ideal gas has a volume of 2.0 m³ and a pressure of 1.0 * 10⁵ Pa at a temperature of 300 K.The cylinder is placed against a metal block that is maintained at 900 K and the gas expands as the pressure remains constant until the temperature of the gas reaches 900 K.The change in internal energy of the gas is 6.0 * 10⁵ J.Find the change in entropy of the block associated with the heat transfer to the gas.

The adiabatic index of a gas is given by which of the following?

During an isobaric process which one of the following does not change?

A 4-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment.How much heat is received by the system?

The Carnot cycle consists of a combination of ____ and ____ processes.

If a heat engine has an efficiency of 30% and its power output is 600 W, what is the rate of heat input from the combustion phase?

A heat engine receives 6 000 J of heat from its combustion process and loses 4 000 J through the exhaust and friction.What is its efficiency?

Heat is applied to an ice-water mixture to melt some of the ice.In this process:

According to the first law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which of the following choices applies?