A) served as a counterweight to patrician power in the Senate.
B) was a popular assembly dominated by the patricians.
C) consisted only of patricians.
D) elected the Tribunes.
E) was the principal organ of patrician power.
G) B) and E)
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A) urged citizens to be calm.
B) declared certain Roman citizens to be outlaws.
C) called patriotic Romans to the armies of Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian.
D) were posted and publicly read to explain why a dictator had to be eliminated.
E) gave immunity to Caesar's assassins.
G) C) and E)
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A) Julius Caesar.
B) Claudius.
C) Marcus Junius Brutus.
D) Octavian.
E) Tiberius.
G) All of the above
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A) the climax of Roman development occurred under the Republic.
B) the old sense of Roman virtue had been lost by the first century B.C.
C) the old threat of foreign enemies such as Carthage had encouraged stability and cooperation for the good of the state.
D) by the first century, soldiers gave their loyalty to commanders rather than to Rome.
E) despite the influence of Greek rationalism, the city-state constitutional of the Republic was unable to manage Rome's empire.
G) A) and B)
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The rise of the Roman Empire had a profo...View Answer
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The Social War, also known as the Italia...View Answer
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A) radicals aiming to overthrow existing political and property relations.
B) moderate reformers trying to deal with real social problems.
C) intransigent defenders of the great landowners' interests.
D) Carthaginian agents.
E) two ambitious generals whose thirst for power led to civil war.
G) D) and E)
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A) accorded patricians freedom, that is, opportunity to achieve virtue, dignity, and fame.
B) coupled with practical common sense and civic patriotism, prevented political conflict from leading to civil war.
C) provided Rome with talented, responsible leaders.
D) prevented the rise of tyrant, at least until the first century B.C.
E) All of these
G) A) and D)
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A) Latifundia, worked by slaves, squeezed out the peasantry.
B) Egyptian grain undermined Roman agricultural prices.
C) Prolonged warfare in Italy had destroyed numerous farms.
D) Wars had forced Rome's farmer-soldiers to seriously neglect their farms.
E) The agricultural crisis created a vast poor, alienated, and embittered class.
G) A) and C)
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A) protectors of the plebeian class.
B) Platonic philosopher-kings.
C) opponents of Roman imperialism.
D) defenders of republican traditions.
E) opponents of the Senate.
G) B) and D)
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A) The Senate permanently regained control of the empire.
B) A long period of peace occurred.
C) The Roman Republic ended.
D) Marc Antony and Octavian formed a duumvirate, under which Rome prospered.
E) The Senate named Marc Antony dictator for life.
G) B) and E)
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A) Egypt.
B) Mesopotamia.
C) Greece.
D) Phoenicia.
E) the Celts.
G) None of the above
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A) converting the army from an instrument of the government to the private tool of ambitious generals.
B) the revitalization of Roman's class of farmer-soldiers.
C) Sulla's retirement.
D) the permanent establishment of the triumvirate thus spreading the burden of governing a vast empire.
E) the Social War.
G) A) and E)
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A) successful Roman imperialism fueled by strategic and political considerations.
B) a series of wars with Macedonia, a Carthaginian ally.
C) a Roman obsession to completely destroy a now non-threatening Carthage.
D) extensive economic, social, and cultural changes in Rome.
E) All of these
G) A) and D)
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A) debt slavery.
B) the ban on intermarriage with patricians.
C) the granting of citizenship to non-Romans.
D) discrimination against plebeians in the courts.
E) the absence of a written law code.
G) All of the above
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A) Plautus produced comedies that resembled Greek models, such as Menander's, and usually provided endings desired by audiences.
B) The native North African, Terence, wrote plays that showed, among other things, a liberal understanding attitude towards children.
C) Cattalus was one of the greatest lyric poets in world literature.
D) Lucretius, an Epicurean philosopher, questioned the Roman ideal of virtue; he did not consider power and glory as worthy goals.
E) Cicero did not adhere to Stoic principals, such as a belief in obedience to rational law.
G) C) and D)
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