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A company's production application runs online transaction processing (OLTP) transactions on an Amazon RDS MySQL DB instance. The company is launching a new reporting tool that will access the same data. The reporting tool must be highly available and not impact the performance of the production application. How can this be achieved?


A) Create hourly snapshots of the production RDS DB instance.
B) Create a Multi-AZ RDS Read Replica of the production RDS DB instance.
C) Create multiple RDS Read Replicas of the production RDS DB instance. Place the Read Replicas in an Auto Scaling group.
D) Create a Single-AZ RDS Read Replica of the production RDS DB instance. Create a second Single-AZ RDS Read Replica from the replica.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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A company is using Amazon EC2 to run its big data analytics workloads. These variable workloads run each night, and it is critical they finish by the start of business the following day. A solutions architect has been tasked with designing the MOST cost-effective solution. Which solution will accomplish this?


A) Spot Fleet
B) Spot Instances
C) Reserved Instances
D) On-Demand Instances

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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A solutions architect needs to host a high performance computing (HPC) workload in the AWS Cloud. The workload will run on hundreds of Amazon EC2 instances and will require parallel access to a shared file system to enable distributed processing of large datasets. Datasets will be accessed across multiple instances simultaneously. The workload requires access latency within 1 ms. After processing has completed, engineers will need access to the dataset for manual postprocessing. Which solution will meet these requirements?


A) Use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) as a shared file system. Access the dataset from Amazon EFS.
B) Mount an Amazon S3 bucket to serve as the shared file system. Perform postprocessing directly from the S3 bucket.
C) Use Amazon FSx for Lustre as a shared file system. Link the file system to an Amazon S3 bucket for postprocessing.
D) Configure AWS Resource Access Manager to share an Amazon S3 bucket so that it can be mounted to all instances for processing and postprocessing.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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A company uses on-premises servers to host its applications. The company is running out of storage capacity. The applications use both block storage and NFS storage. The company needs a high-performing solution that supports local caching without re-architecting its existing applications. Which combination of actions should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)


A) Mount Amazon S3 as a file system to the on-premises servers.
B) Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway to replace NFS storage.
C) Deploy AWS Snowball Edge to provision NFS mounts to on-premises servers.
D) Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway to replace the block storage.
E) Deploy Amazon Elastic Fife System (Amazon EFS) volumes and mount them to on-premises servers.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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A solutions architect must analyze and update a company's existing IAM policies prior to deploying a new workload. The solutions architect created the following policy: A solutions architect must analyze and update a company's existing IAM policies prior to deploying a new workload. The solutions architect created the following policy:   What is the net effect of this policy? A)  Users will be allowed all actions except s3:PutObject if multi-factor authentication (MFA)  is enabled. B)  Users will be allowed all actions except s3:PutObject if multi-factor authentication (MFA)  is not enabled. C)  Users will be denied all actions except s3:PutObject if multi-factor authentication (MFA)  is enabled. D)  Users will be denied all actions except s3:PutObject if multi-factor authentication (MFA)  is not enabled. What is the net effect of this policy?


A) Users will be allowed all actions except s3:PutObject if multi-factor authentication (MFA) is enabled.
B) Users will be allowed all actions except s3:PutObject if multi-factor authentication (MFA) is not enabled.
C) Users will be denied all actions except s3:PutObject if multi-factor authentication (MFA) is enabled.
D) Users will be denied all actions except s3:PutObject if multi-factor authentication (MFA) is not enabled.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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A company recently implemented hybrid cloud connectivity using AWS Direct Connect and is migrating data to Amazon S3. The company is looking for a fully managed solution that will automate and accelerate the replication of data between the on-premises storage systems and AWS storage services. Which solution should a solutions architect recommend to keep the data private?


A) Deploy an AWS DataSync agent for the on-premises environment. Configure a sync job to replicate the data and connect it with an AWS service endpoint.
B) Deploy an AWS DataSync agent for the on-premises environment. Schedule a batch job to replicate point-in-time snapshots to AWS.
C) Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway for the on-premises environment. Configure it to store data locally, and asynchronously back up point-in-time snapshots to AWS.
D) Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway for the on-premises environment. Configure it to store data locally, and asynchronously back up point-in-time snapshots to AWS.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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A solutions architect is designing a solution that involves orchestrating a series of Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) task types running on Amazon EC2 instances that are part of an ECS cluster. The output and state data for all tasks needs to be stored. The amount of data output by each task is approximately 10 MB, and there could be hundreds of tasks running at a time. The system should be optimized for high-frequency reading and writing. As old outputs are archived and deleted, the storage size is not expected to exceed 1 TB. Which storage solution should the solutions architect recommend?


A) An Amazon DynamoDB table accessible by all ECS cluster instances.
B) An Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) with Provisioned Throughput mode.
C) An Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system with Bursting Throughput mode.
D) An Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume mounted to the ECS cluster instances.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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An online shopping application accesses an Amazon RDS Multi-AZ DB instance. Database performance is slowing down the application. After upgrading to the next-generation instance type, there was no significant performance improvement. Analysis shows approximately 700 IOPS are sustained, common queries run for long durations and memory utilization is high. Which application change should a solutions architect recommend to resolve these issues?


A) Migrate the RDS instance to an Amazon Redshift cluster and enable weekly garbage collection.
B) Separate the long-running queries into a new Multi-AZ RDS database and modify the application to query whichever database is needed.
C) Deploy a two-node Amazon ElastiCache cluster and modify the application to query the cluster first and query the database only if needed.
D) Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) FIFO queue for common queries and query it first and query the database only if needed.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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A company has an image processing workload running on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) in two private subnets. Each private subnet uses a NAT instance for internet access. All images are stored in Amazon S3 buckets. The company is concerned about the data transfer costs between Amazon ECS and Amazon S3. What should a solutions architect do to reduce costs?


A) Configure a NAT gateway to replace the NAT instances.
B) Configure a gateway endpoint for traffic destined to Amazon S3.
C) Configure an interface endpoint for traffic destined to Amazon S3.
D) Configure Amazon CloudFront for the S3 bucket storing the images.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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A company serves a multilingual website from a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) . This architecture is currently running in the us-west-1 Region but is exhibiting high request latency for users located in other parts of the world. The website needs to serve requests quickly and efficiently regardless of a user's location. However, the company does not want to recreate the existing architecture across multiple Regions. How should a solutions architect accomplish this?


A) Replace the existing architecture with a website served from an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the S3 bucket as the origin.
B) Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the ALB as the origin. Set the cache behavior settings to only cache based on the Accept-Language request header.
C) Set up Amazon API Gateway with the ALB as an integration. Configure API Gateway to use an HTTP integration type. Set up an API Gateway stage to enable the API cache.
D) Launch an EC2 instance in each additional Region and configure NGINX to act as a cache server for that Region. Put all the instances plus the ALB behind an Amazon Route 53 record set with a geolocation routing policy.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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A company has been storing analytics data in an Amazon RDS instance for the past few years. The company asked a solutions architect to find a solution that allows users to access this data using an API. The expectation is that the application will experience periods of inactivity but could receive bursts of traffic within seconds. Which solution should the solutions architect suggest?


A) Set up an Amazon API Gateway and use Amazon ECS.
B) Set up an Amazon API Gateway and use AWS Elastic Beanstalk.
C) Set up an Amazon API Gateway and use AWS Lambda functions.
D) Set up an Amazon API Gateway and use Amazon EC2 with Auto Scaling.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A company uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL databases for its data tier. The company must implement password rotation for the databases. Which solution meets this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?


A) Store the password in AWS Secrets Manager. Enable automatic rotation on the secret.
B) Store the password in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Enable automatic rotation on the parameter.
C) Store the password in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Write an AWS Lambda function that rotates the password.
D) Store the password in AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) . Enable automatic rotation on the customer master key (CMK) .

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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A company provides an online service for posting video content and transcoding it for use by any mobile platform. The application architecture uses Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Standard to collect and store the videos so that multiple Amazon EC2 Linux instances can access the video content for processing. As the popularity of the service has grown over time, the storage costs have become too expensive. Which storage solution is MOST cost-effective?


A) Use AWS Storage Gateway for files to store and process the video content.
B) Use AWS Storage Gateway for volumes to store and process the video content.
C) Use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) for storing the video content. Once processing is complete, transfer the files to Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) .
D) Use Amazon S3 for storing the video content. Move the files temporarily over to an Amazon ElasticBlock Store (Amazon EBS) volume attached to the server for processing.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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A bicycle sharing company is developing a multi-tier architecture to track the location of its bicycles during peak operating hours. The company wants to use these data points in its existing analytics platform. A solutions architect must determine the most viable multi-tier option to support this architecture. The data points must be accessible from the REST API. Which action meets these requirements for storing and retrieving location data?


A) Use Amazon Athena with Amazon S3.
B) Use Amazon API Gateway with AWS Lambda.
C) Use Amazon QuickSight with Amazon Redshift.
D) Use Amazon API Gateway with Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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A company wants to migrate a high performance computing (HPC) application and data from on-premises to the AWS Cloud. The company uses tiered storage on premises with hot high-performance parallel storage to support the application during periodic runs of the application, and more economical cold storage to hold the data when the application is not actively running. Which combination of solutions should a solutions architect recommend to support the storage needs of the application? (Choose two.)


A) Amazon S3 for cold data storage
B) Amazon EFS for cold data storage
C) Amazon S3 for high-performance parallel storage
D) Amazon FSx for Lustre for high-performance parallel storage
E) Amazon FSx for Windows for high-performance parallel storage

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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A company has two VPCs that are located in the us-west-2 Region within the same AWS account. The company needs to allow network traffic between these VPCs. Approximately 500 GB of data transfer will occur between the VPCs each month. What is the MOST cost-effective solution to connect these VPCs?


A) Implement AWS Transit Gateway to connect the VPCs. Update the route tables of each VPC to use the transit gateway for inter-VPC communication.
B) Implement an AWS Site-to-Site VPN tunnel between the VPCs. Update the route tables of each VPC to use the VPN tunnel for inter-VPC communication.
C) Set up a VPC peering connection between the VPCs. Update the route tables of each VPC to use the VPC peering connection for inter-VPC communication.
D) Set up a 1 GB AWS Direct Connect connection between the VPCs. Update the route tables of each VPC to use the Direct Connect connection for inter-VPC communication.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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A solutions architect is designing a hybrid application using the AWS cloud. The network between the on-premises data center and AWS will use an AWS Direct Connect (DX) connection. The application connectivity between AWS and the on-premises data center must be highly resilient. Which DX configuration should be implemented to meet these requirements?


A) Configure a DX connection with a VPN on top of it.
B) Configure DX connections at multiple DX locations.
C) Configure a DX connection using the most reliable DX partner.
D) Configure multiple virtual interfaces on top of a DX connection.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A solutions architect is designing a two-tier web application. The application consists of a public-facing web tier hosted on Amazon EC2 in public subnets. The database tier consists of Microsoft SQL Server running on Amazon EC2 in a private subnet. Security is a high priority for the company. How should security groups be configured in this situation? (Choose two.)


A) Configure the security group for the web tier to allow inbound traffic on port 443 from 0.0.0.0/0. B,Configure the security group for the web tier to allow outbound traffic on port 443 from 0.0.0.0/0.
B) Configure the security group for the database tier to allow inbound traffic on port 1433 from the security group for the web tier.
C) Configure the security group for the database tier to allow outbound traffic on ports 443 and 1433 to the security group for the web tier.
D) Configure the security group for the database tier to allow inbound traffic on ports 443 and 1433 from the security group for the web tier.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A company has an application that uses Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) to store data. The files are 1 GB in size or larger and are accessed often only for the first few days after creation. The application data is shared across a cluster of Linux servers. The company wants to reduce storage costs tor the application. What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?


A) Implement Amazon FSx and mount the network drive on each server.
B) Move the files from Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) and store them locally on each Amazon EC2 instance.
C) Configure a Lifecycle policy to move the files to the EFS Infrequent Access (IA) storage class after 7 days.
D) Move the files to Amazon S3 with S3 lifecycle policies enabled. Rewrite the application to support mounting the S3 bucket.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A company must migrate 20 TB of data from a data center to the AWS Cloud within 30 days. The company's network bandwidth is limited to 15 Mbps and cannot exceed 70% utilization. What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?


A) Use AWS Snowball.
B) Use AWS DataSync.
C) Use a secure VPN connection.
D) Use Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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