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Communicators from cultures that value ____________ tend to use more ambiguous terms, hedges, and disclaimers.


A) saving face
B) individualistic expression
C) evasive language
D) civil discourse

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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When you see Sam with a tie on and you say to yourself, "Sam must have an interview today," your statement is an example of


A) stating a fact
B) making an inference.
C) offering an opinion.
D) making a behavioral description

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Swear words are governed by ____________.


A) equivocal rules
B) phonological rules
C) semantic rules
D) pragmatic rules

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following are type of evasive language?


A) Inferences and euphemisms
B) Qualifiers and semantics
C) Inferences and equivocation
D) Euphemisms and equivocation

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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The term "suffragette" was first used as a derogatory, condescending term to describe women who marched to get the right to vote, but the feminists embraced the word and used it to emphasize their determination to win. This evolution of the meaning of the term best exemplifies what concept?


A) repurposing
B) reappropriation
C) linguistic relativism
D) relative words

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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The concept that suggests that people co-create meaning in the process of communicating with each other is called coordinated __________ of meaning.

Correct Answer

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____________ govern how words sound when pronounced.


A) Semantic rules
B) Phonological rules
C) Pragmatic rules
D) Cultural rules

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following factors that can affect how people perceive your status?


A) Accent
B) Choice of words
C) Apparent age of a speaker
D) All of these

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Why might you use equivocal language?


A) To avoid hurting someone's feelings
B) To avoid lying
C) To help the receiver save face
D) All of these reasons

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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The Inuit have dozens of words for what we typically just call snow. This is an example of


A) emotive language
B) jargon
C) pragmatic rules
D) linguistic relativism

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Research suggests that many people pass judgment on prospective workers simply on the basis of their


A) experience.
B) title.
C) gender.
D) name.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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D

Ogden and Richards' triangle of meaning demonstrates visually that meanings are in


A) vocabularies
B) people
C) nonverbal cues
D) words

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Language use can reflect a speaker's willingness to take responsibility for his or her statements. Which of the following categories of statements reflects the highest amount of speaker responsibility?


A) "It" statements
B) "They" statements
C) "We" statements
D) "I" statements

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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What word describes a version of the same language that contains substantially different words and meanings?


A) divergence
B) jargon
C) slang
D) dialect

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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D

In the United States, because women frequently use conversation to pursue social needs, they are often said to have an affective language style, meaning that their language focuses on ___________.

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One well-known theory that explains how language affects perceptions is called the


A) denotative theory
B) emotive laguage
C) Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
D) linguistic intergroup bias

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Physicians or attorneys who want to establish credibility with their clients might use language to create a sense of distance, a linguistic strategy known as ____________.


A) linguistic relativism
B) convergence
C) divergence
D) linguistic intergroup bias

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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When your good friend tells you that you have a tendency to interrupt, you thank him for his constructive criticism. When a new coworker accuses you of monopolizing the conversation, you think silently to yourself, "What a jerk." The tendency to judge people we like more charitably than people we don't know well is known as ____________.


A) linguistic intergroup bias
B) perspective taking
C) linguistic relativism
D) stereotyping

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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____________ are pleasant terms substituted for more direct but potentially less pleasant terms.

Correct Answer

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Euphemisms

____________ govern the arrangement or sequence of language.


A) Semantic rules
B) Syntactic rules
C) Pragmatic rules
D) Phonological rules

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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