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What is a major source of naturally produced sulfur in the atmosphere?


A) burning of fossil fuels
B) volcanic eruptions
C) denitrification
D) primary production
E) the upwelling of deep ocean water

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Biomass is always highest at the lower trophic levels.

A) True
B) False

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Ecosystem ecology is primarily concerned with


A) ecosystem stability.
B) interactions among species.
C) the synthesis of new forms of nutrients.
D) patterns of species diversity.
E) movement of energy and materials through organisms and their communities.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Air pollutants can increase heritable mutations.

A) True
B) False

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Gross Primary Production =


A) Net Primary Production
B) Total Ecosystem Energy
C) Respiration
D) 1/Net Primary Production
E) Net Primary Production + Cellular Respiration

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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What are the two most important nutrients affecting production in aquatic ecosystems?


A) oxygen and hydrogen
B) carbon and oxygen
C) carbon and iron
D) nitrogen and phosphorus
E) carbon and calcium

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Deforestation in areas like Madagascar can significantly affect the water cycle. Why is this?


A) Less moisture is transpired into the atmosphere.
B) It is more difficult for soil nutrients to leech into streams.
C) Weathering of rocks and soil does not release nutrients to bind to water.
D) The rate of evapotranspiration increases dramatically.
E) Cloud cover will increase.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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In which of the following is primary productivity highest?


A) tropical forests
B) prairies
C) cool deserts
D) hot deserts
E) the Arctic

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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An oak tree can support hundreds of beetles, caterpillars and other primary consumers. This is an example of


A) a pyramid of biomass.
B) excessive levels of primary production.
C) an unusually diverse group of primary consumers.
D) primary parasitism.
E) an inverted pyramid.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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