Question 1

Because they differ from all other living organisms by lacking a discrete nucleus and many other cell inclusions, Bacteria and Archaea are considered to be:

Accepted Answer

A)   karyoki
B)   prophasic
C)   histrionic
D)   prophylactic
E)   prokaryoticF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

Binary fission is:

Accepted Answer

A)   cell division by meiosis
B)   cell division by mitosis
C)   cell division by simple splitting
D)   fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 
E)   exchange of genes between two cellsF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by endospore-forming bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   pneumonia
B)   botulism
C)   anthrax
D)   tetanus
E)   lockjawF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following series is arranged in the correct sequence of occurrence during the fixation and subsequent use of nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)   atmospheric nitrogen; bacterial nitrogenase; ammonia; conversion by plants or algae; synthesis of proteins
B)   atmospheric nitrogen; bacterial nitrogenase; conversion by plants or algae; ammonia; synthesis of proteins
C)   atmospheric nitrogen; ammonia; bacterial nitrogenase; conversion by plants or algae; synthesis of proteins
D)   atmospheric nitrogen; ammonia; bacterial nitrogenase; synthesis of proteins; conversion by plants or algae
E)   none of the other options displayedF) B) and C)
G) B) and E) A

Question 5

The Danish physician Hans Christian Gram

Accepted Answer

A)   developed the Gram-stain technique
B)   devised the metric system of weights (milligrams, grams, kilograms) 
C)   developed the procedures for determining whether a particular organism causes a specific disease
D)   developed both the Gram stain and the method of determining whether a particular organism causes a specific disease
E)   none of the other options presentedF) All of the above
G) None of the above A

Question 6

Which of the following structures allow microbes to glide across surfaces?

Accepted Answer

A)   flagella
B)   gas vesicles
C)   microtubules
D)   filament
E)   piliF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

A lichen is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   a pathogen
B)   a parasite
C)   an archaean
D)   a methanogen
E)   a mutualistic relationshipF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 8

Some individual microbes secrete small molecules that induce other microbes to settle nearby. The aggregation that forms responds collectively to stimuli and moves in common to new sites and secretes mucilage. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   pre-sociality
B)   muco-aggregation
C)   archae sociality
D)   quorum sensing
E)   mass-settlingF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

The oldest spores from which bacteria have been successfully cultured were:

Accepted Answer

A)   ten weeks old
B)   ten years old
C)   7,000 years old
D)   25 million years old
E)   250 million years oldF) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 10

The process whereby genetic exchange occurs by way of viruses carrying genes from one microbe to another is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   conjugation
B)   transduction
C)   transformation
D)   transubstantiation
E)   interchangeF) B) and D)
G) C) and E) B

Question 11

Feeding antibiotics to livestock promotes human health.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Microorganisms may aggregate and glue themselves to teeth to form dental plaque. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   a biofilm
B)   a dentifrice
C)   halitosis
D)   a dontoid layer
E)   annealed enamelF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Two kinds of organisms living together in ways beneficial to both is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   mutualism
B)   bonding
C)   parasitism
D)   sociality
E)   none of the other choices providedF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Heterocysts are specialized cells in plant roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A bacterial "bloom" is:

Accepted Answer

A)   the reproductive parts of bacteria
B)   malformation of flowers caused by bacterial infections
C)   unusual coloring of the water of lakes, ponds, or the sea caused by high numbers of bacteria
D)   souring of milk caused by bacteria
E)   swelling of a wound because of bacterial infectionF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 16

The secretory systems of Type III and Type IV pathogenic bacteria differ in their mode of attacking cells in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)   Type III systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type IV systems infect materials using pili as transfer tubes.
B)   Type IV systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type III systems infect materials using pili as transfer tubes.
C)   Both systems attach to cells in the same way but they differ merely in the chemicals that they inject into the host cell.
D)   Type III systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type IV systems use modified pili as transfer tubes.
E)   Type IV systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type III systems use modified pili as transfer tubes.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of slimy mucilage in microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)   protects against the host's immune system
B)   binds nutrients
C)   serves as a flotation device
D)   prevents desiccation (drying out) 
E)   protects against ultraviolet radiationF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

The most ancient type of organisms on Earth originated:

Accepted Answer

A)   4,004 years ago
B)   7,200 years ago
C)   2 million years ago
D)   3.5 billion years ago
E)   13 billion years agoF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

Flagella occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe how the flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Eukaryotic flagella have microtubules in a cytoskeleton whereas prokaryotic ones do not.
B)   Eukaryotic flagella have the motor protein dynein whereas the prokaryotic one does not.
C)   The eukaryotic flagellum is covered by the plasma membrane whereas that of the prokaryotes is not.
D)   Prokaryotic flagella have a basal apparatus and hook that rotates the filament whereas eukaryotic flagella do not.
E)   The filament of eukaryotes is multilayered whereas that of prokaryotes is a single strand.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

A protein that can move protons and other ions across a cellular membrane is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)   peristaltic pump
B)   proton pump
C)   osmotic pump
D)   transferase
E)   stileF) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Exam 27: Bacteria and Archaea

Because they differ from all other living organisms by lacking a discrete nucleus and many other cell inclusions, Bacteria and Archaea are considered to be:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Binary fission is:

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Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by endospore-forming bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following series is arranged in the correct sequence of occurrence during the fixation and subsequent use of nitrogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The Danish physician Hans Christian Gram

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following structures allow microbes to glide across surfaces?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A lichen is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some individual microbes secrete small molecules that induce other microbes to settle nearby. The aggregation that forms responds collectively to stimuli and moves in common to new sites and secretes mucilage. This process is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The oldest spores from which bacteria have been successfully cultured were:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process whereby genetic exchange occurs by way of viruses carrying genes from one microbe to another is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Feeding antibiotics to livestock promotes human health.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microorganisms may aggregate and glue themselves to teeth to form dental plaque. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two kinds of organisms living together in ways beneficial to both is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Heterocysts are specialized cells in plant roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bacterial "bloom" is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The secretory systems of Type III and Type IV pathogenic bacteria differ in their mode of attacking cells in which of the following ways?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a function of slimy mucilage in microbes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most ancient type of organisms on Earth originated:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Flagella occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe how the flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A protein that can move protons and other ions across a cellular membrane is called a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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