Question 1

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim,especially voluntarily,leads one to

Accepted Answer

A)  feel increasingly guilty.
B)  disparage the victim to justify the behavior.
C)  act more kindly toward others.
D)  become more aggressive toward others.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

According to the theory of ____,you can best predict a person's behavior when you know that person's intended behaviors and their perceived self-efficacy and control.

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude formation
B)  inoculation
C)  planned behavior
D)  correlated behaviorE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Research on how behavior affects our attitudes suggests all the findings EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  people don't adapt what they say to please their listeners.
B)  people are quicker to tell people good news rather than bad.
C)  people adjust their message toward their listener's position.
D)  people adjust their message to their listeners,and having done so,believe the altered message.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent,according to _______ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-perception
B)  self-justification
C)  self-presentation
D)  social orientationE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

According to the overjustification effect,reinforcements that praise people tend to _______ intrinsic motivation,and reinforcement that seeks to control people _______ intrinsic motivation.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease;increases
B)  increase;decreases
C)  remove;instills
D)  instill;removesE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Schnall and Laird's (2003) research revealed that individuals induced to repeatedly practice happy expressions tended to recall more happy memories and found their happy mood lingered.This is best explained by the

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation theory.
B)  self-consistency theory.
C)  cognitive dissonance theory.
D)  self-perception theory.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Which theory predicts that when people experience a self-image threat,they will compensate by affirming another aspect of the self?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-perception theory
B)  cognitive dissonance theory
C)  self-presentation theory
D)  self-affirmation theoryE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

In 1964,Leon Festinger concluded that the evidence to date

Accepted Answer

A)  did not show that attitudes guide behaviors.
B)  showed that attitudes guide behaviors.
C)  was irrelevant to the attitude-behavior relation.
D)  showed that attitudes and behaviors varied together.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave is what social psychologists call a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude.
B)  behavior.
C)  role.
D)  stereotype.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

As a teenager,you enjoyed jogging.As a result,your parents purchased new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g. ,when you ran your first marathon) .According to the self-perception theory,your parents' behavior likely did what to your intrinsic motivation for jogging?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased it
B)  increased it
C)  removed it
D)  instilled itE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

When we are unsure of our attitudes,we infer them the same way someone else would who was observing us - that is,we look at our behavior.Which theory does this describe?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation theory
B)  self-consistency theory
C)  cognitive dissonance theory
D)  self-perception theoryE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Following the U.S.Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools,the percentage of European-Americans favoring integrated schools more than doubled.This is an example of how

Accepted Answer

A)  attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined.
B)  attitudes influence behavior when they are potent.
C)  moral attitudes feed moral actions.
D)  moral actions feed moral attitudes.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Allison's parents are so happy that she enjoys reading.They decide to encourage her to keep at it by paying her $5 for each book she reads.According to the overjustification effect,how will Allison react to this new reward system?

Accepted Answer

A)  She will enjoy reading even more.
B)  She will become less interested in reading.
C)  She will be more selective in which books she reads.
D)  Her attitude toward reading will remain the same.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be nervous because we feel shaky - while forgetting we just had two cups of strong coffee?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation theory
B)  self-consistency theory
C)  cognitive dissonance theory
D)  self-perception theoryE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Which areas of the brain are active when we automatically evaluate social stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A)  Occipital lobe and hypothalamus
B)  Amygdala and hypothalamus
C)  Amygdala and frontal lobe
D)  Cerebellum and frontal lobeE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint,people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions.Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  brainwashing
B)  self-perception theory
C)  overconfidence
D)  selective exposureE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Which of the following theories assumes that our actions are self-revealing?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation theory
B)  self-consistency theory
C)  cognitive dissonance theory
D)  self-perception theoryE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

You receive more than one marriage proposal,and after deciding on who you wish to spend your life with,dissonance theory would predict that you would _______ the individual whose proposal you did accept.

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on
B)  ignore
C)  downgrade
D)  upgradeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

How did Martens et al.'s (2007) investigate the idea that killing begets killing?

Accepted Answer

A)  By asking students to kill bugs
B)  By asking students to shock a person of the opposite sex
C)  By asking students to shock a person of Arab decent
D)  By asking students to lie to other students about how much they enjoyed a boring taskE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

A favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction toward something or someone is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  affect.
B)  attitude.
C)  cognition.
D)  prejudice.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 4: Behavior and Attitudes

A favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction toward something or someone is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following theories assumes that our actions are self-revealing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim,especially voluntarily,leads one to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You receive more than one marriage proposal,and after deciding on who you wish to spend your life with,dissonance theory would predict that you would _______ the individual whose proposal you did accept.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be nervous because we feel shaky - while forgetting we just had two cups of strong coffee?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Allison's parents are so happy that she enjoys reading.They decide to encourage her to keep at it by paying her $5 for each book she reads.According to the overjustification effect,how will Allison react to this new reward system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a teenager,you enjoyed jogging.As a result,your parents purchased new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g. ,when you ran your first marathon) .According to the self-perception theory,your parents' behavior likely did what to your intrinsic motivation for jogging?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on how behavior affects our attitudes suggests all the findings EXCEPT that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1964,Leon Festinger concluded that the evidence to date

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint,people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions.Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the theory of ____,you can best predict a person's behavior when you know that person's intended behaviors and their perceived self-efficacy and control.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which areas of the brain are active when we automatically evaluate social stimuli?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Martens et al.'s (2007) investigate the idea that killing begets killing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Schnall and Laird's (2003) research revealed that individuals induced to repeatedly practice happy expressions tended to recall more happy memories and found their happy mood lingered.This is best explained by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent,according to _______ theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the overjustification effect,reinforcements that praise people tend to _______ intrinsic motivation,and reinforcement that seeks to control people _______ intrinsic motivation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave is what social psychologists call a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory predicts that when people experience a self-image threat,they will compensate by affirming another aspect of the self?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following the U.S.Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools,the percentage of European-Americans favoring integrated schools more than doubled.This is an example of how

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When we are unsure of our attitudes,we infer them the same way someone else would who was observing us - that is,we look at our behavior.Which theory does this describe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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According to the overjustification effect,reinforcements that praise people tend to _ intrinsic motivation,and reinforcement that seeks to control people _ intrinsic motivation.

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