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The fact that a proposed project is analyzed based on the project's incremental cash flows is the assumption behind which one of the following principles?


A) underlying value principle
B) stand-alone principle
C) equivalent cost principle
D) salvage principle
E) fundamental principle

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Hollister & Hollister is considering a new project. The project will require $522,000 for new fixed assets, $218,000 for additional inventory, and $39,000 for additional accounts receivable. Short-term debt is expected to increase by $165,000. The project has a 6-year life. The fixed assets will be depreciated straight-line to a zero book value over the life of the project. At the end of the project, the fixed assets can be sold for 20 percent of their original cost. The net working capital returns to its original level at the end of the project. The project is expected to generate annual sales of $875,000 with costs of $640,000. The tax rate is 34 percent and the required rate of return is 14 percent. What is the project's cash flow at time zero?


A) -$536,000
B) -$614,000
C) -$720,000
D) -$779,000
E) -$944,000

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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Jasper Metals is considering installing a new molding machine which is expected to produce operating cash flows of $73,000 a year for 7 years. At the beginning of the project, inventory will decrease by $16,000, accounts receivables will increase by $21,000, and accounts payable will increase by $15,000. All net working capital will be recovered at the end of the project. The initial cost of the molding machine is $249,000. The equipment will be depreciated straight-line to a zero book value over the life of the project. The equipment will be salvaged at the end of the project creating a $48,000 aftertax cash flow. At the end of the project, net working capital will return to its normal level. What is the net present value of this project given a required return of 14.5 percent?


A) $77,211.20
B) $79,418.80
C) $82,336.01
D) $84,049.74
E) $87,925.54

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Peterborough Trucking just purchased some fixed assets that are classified as 3-year property for MACRS. The assets cost $9,800. What is the amount of the depreciation expense in year 3? Peterborough Trucking just purchased some fixed assets that are classified as 3-year property for MACRS. The assets cost $9,800. What is the amount of the depreciation expense in year 3?   A) $537.52 B) $1,347.17 C) $1,451.38 D) $1,929.11 E) $2,177.56


A) $537.52
B) $1,347.17
C) $1,451.38
D) $1,929.11
E) $2,177.56

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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A company that utilizes the MACRS system of depreciation:


A) will have equal depreciation costs each year of an asset's life.
B) will have a greater tax shield in year two of a project than it would have if the firm had opted for straight-line depreciation, given the same depreciation life.
C) can depreciate the cost of land, if it so desires.
D) will expense less than the entire cost of an asset.
E) cannot expense any of the cost of a new asset during the first year of the asset's life.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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Hollister & Hollister is considering a new project. The project will require $522,000 for new fixed assets, $218,000 for additional inventory, and $39,000 for additional accounts receivable. Short-term debt is expected to increase by $165,000. The project has a 6-year life. The fixed assets will be depreciated straight-line to a zero book value over the life of the project. At the end of the project, the fixed assets can be sold for 20 percent of their original cost. The net working capital returns to its original level at the end of the project. The project is expected to generate annual sales of $875,000 and costs of $640,000. The tax rate is 34 percent and the required rate of return is 14 percent. What is the amount of the earnings before interest and taxes for the first year of this project?


A) $97,680
B) $130,000
C) $148,000
D) $217,320
E) $235,000

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Which one of the following best describes pro forma financial statements?


A) financial statements expressed in a foreign currency
B) financial statements where the assets are expressed as a percentage of total assets and costs are expressed as a percentage of sales
C) financial statements showing projected values for future time periods
D) financial statements expressed in real dollars, given a stated base year
E) financial statements where all accounts are expressed as a percentage of last year's values

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Northern Railway is considering a project which will produce annual sales of $975,000 and increase cash expenses by $859,000. If the project is implemented, taxes will increase from $141,000 to $154,000 and depreciation will increase from $194,000 to $272,000. The company is debt-free. What is the amount of the operating cash flow using the top-down approach?


A) $25,000
B) $103,000
C) $157,000
D) $181,000
E) $209,000

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The stand-alone principle advocates that project analysis should be based solely on which one of the following costs?


A) sunk
B) total
C) variable
D) incremental
E) fixed

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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The depreciation tax shield is best defined as the:


A) amount of tax that is saved when an asset is purchased.
B) tax that is avoided when an asset is sold as salvage.
C) amount of tax that is due when an asset is sold.
D) amount of tax that is saved because of the depreciation expense.
E) amount by which the aftertax depreciation expense lowers net income.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Consider the following income statement: Consider the following income statement:   What is the amount of the depreciation tax shield? A) $23,607 B) $24,192 C) $24,598 D) $26,211 E) $26,919 What is the amount of the depreciation tax shield?


A) $23,607
B) $24,192
C) $24,598
D) $26,211
E) $26,919

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Consider an asset that costs $176,000 and is depreciated straight-line to zero over its 11-year tax life. The asset is to be used in a 7-year project; at the end of the project, the asset can be sold for $22,000. The relevant tax rate is 30 percent. What is the aftertax cash flow from the sale of this asset?


A) $31,800
B) $32,600
C) $33,300
D) $34,100
E) $34,600

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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The Beach House has sales of $784,000 and a profit margin of 11 percent. The annual depreciation expense is $14,000. What is the amount of the operating cash flow if the company has no long-term debt?


A) $68,760
B) $72,240
C) $86,240
D) $100,240
E) $101,760

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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The bottom-up approach to computing the operating cash flow applies only when:


A) both the depreciation expense and the interest expense are equal to zero.
B) the interest expense is equal to zero.
C) the project is a cost-cutting project.
D) no fixed assets are required for a project.
E) both taxes and the interest expense are equal to zero.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Sailcloth & More currently produces boat sails and is considering expanding its operations to include awnings for homes and travel trailers. The company owns land beside its current manufacturing facility that could be used for the expansion. The company bought this land 5 years ago at a cost of $319,000. At the time of purchase, the company paid $24,000 to level out the land so it would be suitable for future use. Today, the land is valued at $295,000. The company currently has some unused equipment that it currently owns valued at $38,000. This equipment could be used for producing awnings if $12,000 is spent for equipment modifications. Other equipment costing $490,000 will also be required. What is the amount of the initial cash flow for this expansion project?


A) -$785,000
B) -$823,000
C) -$835,000
D) -$859,000
E) -$883,000

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which one of the following best describes the concept of erosion?


A) expenses that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered
B) change in net working capital related to implementing a new project
C) the cash flows of a new project that come at the expense of a firm's existing cash flows
D) the alternative that is forfeited when a fixed asset is utilized by a project
E) the differences in a firm's cash flows with and without a particular project

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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Phone Home, Inc. is considering a new 6-year expansion project that requires an initial fixed asset investment of $5.994 million. The fixed asset will be depreciated straight-line to zero over its 6-year tax life, after which time it will be worthless. The project is estimated to generate $5,328,000 in annual sales, with costs of $2,131,200. The tax rate is 31 percent. What is the operating cash flow for this project?


A) $1,894,318
B) $2,211,407
C) $2,515,482
D) $2,663,021
E) $2,848,315

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Changes in the net working capital requirements:


A) can affect the cash flows of a project every year of the project's life.
B) only affect the initial cash flows of a project.
C) only affect the cash flow at time zero and the final year of a project.
D) are generally excluded from project analysis due to their irrelevance to the total project.
E) reflect only the changes in the current asset accounts.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Keyser Mining is considering a project that will require the purchase of $980,000 in new equipment. The equipment will be depreciated straight-line to a zero book value over the 7-year life of the project. The equipment can be scraped at the end of the project for 5 percent of its original cost. Annual sales from this project are estimated at $420,000. Net working capital equal to 20 percent of sales will be required to support the project. All of the net working capital will be recouped. The required return is 16 percent and the tax rate is 35 percent. What is the value of the depreciation tax shield in year 4 of the project?


A) $49,000
B) $52,200
C) $68,600
D) $71,400
E) $76,500

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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What is the formula for the tax-shield approach to OCF? Explain the two key points the formula illustrates.

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OCF = (Sales - Costs) * (1 - T) + Deprec...

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