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Exam 10: Organizational Change and Innovation: Lifelong Challenges for the Exceptional Manager

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Question 71

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Job dissatisfaction within an organization is not a valid indicator that change is needed.

A) True
B) False

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Question 72

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The marketplace is becoming less homogeneous and moving toward more niche products.

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B) False

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Question 73

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Give examples of two forces outside an organization and two forces inside that would be likely indicators of a need for change.

Wealth and money is one of six seeds of innovation according to Scott Berkun, author of The Myths of Innovation.

BP handled the 2010 oil spill crisis in the Gulf of Mexico in a reactive manner.

Describe managers' behaviors that might indicate a need for change.

Feedback is used to refine the diagnosis after the evaluation step in the OD process.

OD focuses specifically on people in the change process.

The three most important ways to encourage innovation are by providing the right organizational culture, resources, and reward system.

Process innovation is a change in the way a product or service is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated.

Explain how the OD process works. Suppose you were a student member of your college's or university's committee that was attempting to study why an excessive number of students drop out of your college. Give examples of activities your task force might take in each stage of its OD process.

In the unfreezing stage, managers try to instill in employees the motivation to change, encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to innovation. For this "unfreezing" to take place, employees need to become dissatisfied with the old way of doing things. Managers also need to reduce the barriers to change during this stage.

After Mary's Gifts and Cards surveyed its customers, it discovered that its customers preferred the company's competition more than 70% of the time. The most frequently cited reason was customer service. This information will be most helpful to introduce to her employees during which stage of Lewin's change model?

An organizational culture that doesn't just allow but celebrates failure is vital toward fostering innovation.

What finally will make or break an organization's attempts at bringing new products and services to market is execution-the process of discussing hows and whats, of using questioning, analysis, and follow-through to achieve the results promised and ensure accountability.

Resistance to change can be considered to be the interaction of causes such as employee or change-agent characteristics.

Reactive change involves making carefully thought-out changes in anticipation of possible or expected problems or opportunities.

According to Lewin, for refreezing to take place, people need to become dissatisfied with the old way of doing things.

During the changing stage of Lewin's change model, managers should model the change themselves, as well as coach employees and reinforce the desired behaviors.

When it comes to failure in the innovation process, Procter & Gamble CEOAG. Lafley suggests that the key is to __________.