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Which process involves antibodies covering surface receptors on a virus or toxin molecule thereby disrupting their activity?


A) neutralization
B) opsonization
C) complement fixation
D) agglutination
E) anamnestic response

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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The beauty of specific immunity is the production of ____ that provide long-lasting protection.


A) antibodies
B) plasma cells
C) T helper cells
D) memory cells
E) phagocytotic cells

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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The progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called


A) antibodies.
B) sensitized T cells.
C) activated macrophages.
D) plasma cells.
E) bursa cells.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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During which response to the antigen do we display a latent period of no secretory antibody synthesis?


A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) memory response

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. Joseph is a 6-year-old male presenting to your pediatric office with chickenpox. He has had his infection for about 1 week, and his mom is concerned about Joseph’s 8-year-old sister, Judith, because she had a long, painful infection of chickenpox 2 years before. Of note, Joseph was not vaccinated against chickenpox when he was younger, because his mom did not think it was that serious of a virus, and she wanted to spare him the extra injection. -When Joseph's mom expresses concern over Judith becoming reinfected,what is an appropriate response?


A) "Your concerns are valid,but Judith developed an active natural immunity to chickenpox because she's already been infected,so you don't need to worry."
B) "Your concerns are valid,and there is a high likelihood that Judith will become infected again.We should probably administer the vaccine."
C) "There's no way to protect Judith from becoming reinfected except to keep her at least 15 feet from Joseph at all times."
D) "There's no way of knowing how chickenpox infection works,or how transmission functions.I wish there was something more we could tell you."

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Antibody molecules circulate in lymph,blood,and tissue fluids.

A) True
B) False

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Cytotoxic T cells


A) are activated by antigens.
B) lack specificity for antigen.
C) secrete granzymes and perforins that damage target cells.
D) secrete interleukin-2 to stimulate B and T cells.
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Each _____ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain that folds into a groove for one epitope.


A) variable
B) Fab
C) Fc
D) terminal
E) hinge

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. Joseph is a 6-year-old male presenting to your pediatric office with chickenpox. He has had his infection for about 1 week, and his mom is concerned about Joseph’s 8-year-old sister, Judith, because she had a long, painful infection of chickenpox 2 years before. Of note, Joseph was not vaccinated against chickenpox when he was younger, because his mom did not think it was that serious of a virus, and she wanted to spare him the extra injection. -Which of the following explanations tells you why Joseph became infected with chickenpox in the first place?


A) Joseph should not have been infected because he had passive natural immunity from breastfeeding as a baby.
B) His mother should have had gamma globulin administered so he would have passive artificial immunity.
C) There is no way Joseph could have been protected from the infection,since he did not receive active artificial immunity through the form of a vaccine.
D) Joseph probably has a primary immunodeficiency disease,otherwise there is no reason humans should be infected with chickenpox.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Activation of B cells occurs when antigen binds to B-cell surface immunoglobulin receptors.

A) True
B) False

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Killed or inactivated vaccines are prepared by


A) removal of virulence genes from the microbe.
B) treatment with formalin,heat,or radiation.
C) passage of the pathogen through unnatural hosts or tissue culture.
D) long-term subculturing of the microbe.
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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Acquired specific immunity involves the response of


A) skin barriers.
B) B and T lymphocytes.
C) lysozyme.
D) mucous membranes.
E) interferon.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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T-cell response to T-cell-Dependent antigens requires


A) typically a protein antigen.
B) binding of T-cell to a class II MHC receptor on a macrophage.
C) binding of T-cell to a site on the antigen.
D) interleukin-1 activating the T helper cell.
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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An example of natural passive immunity would be


A) chickenpox infection followed by lifelong immunity.
B) chickenpox vaccine which triggers extended immunity to chickenpox.
C) giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease.
D) a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta.
E) None of the choices is correct.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which lymphocytes lack specificity for antigen and are cells that attack cancer cells and virus-infected cells?


A) helper T cells
B) suppressor T cells
C) cytotoxic T cells
D) delayed hypersensitivity T cells
E) natural killer (NK) cells

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is a(n)


A) PAMP.
B) marker.
C) hapten.
D) antibody.
E) antigen.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Clonal selection can be stimulated by foreign or self antigens.

A) True
B) False

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Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. Marie is a 57-year-old female who is on your general medical-surgical unit with a bladder infection. Two weeks ago, she was having slight burning upon urination. She self-treated with an increased intake of cranberry juice, but did not see any improvement. In fact, her symptoms got worse. Last week, she developed generalized abdominal pain and a mid-grade fever. She did not come into the hospital until the pain was unbearable and she had a fever of 104F. She was admitted to your unit and started on multiple IV antibiotics. The doctors say that she could be developing a kidney infection. -Knowing that Marie's primary organism causing her UTI is


A) T helper cells
B) T cytotoxic cells
C) natural killer cells
D) B cells
E) coli,which cells are being activated by this infection?

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Correct Answer

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_____ is the most abundant class of antibodies in serum.


A) IgG
B) IgM
C) IgA
D) IgD
E) IgE

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. Joseph is a 6-year-old male presenting to your pediatric office with chickenpox. He has had his infection for about 1 week, and his mom is concerned about Joseph’s 8-year-old sister, Judith, because she had a long, painful infection of chickenpox 2 years before. Of note, Joseph was not vaccinated against chickenpox when he was younger, because his mom did not think it was that serious of a virus, and she wanted to spare him the extra injection. -If Joseph's mother had previously had her son vaccinated against chickenpox,what form of immunity would he have had?


A) active natural
B) passive natural
C) active artificial
D) passive artificial

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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