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Which of the following is likely to be an extreme view taken by critics of illegal immigration?


A) Illegal aliens are close substitutes for legal resident workers.
B) Illegal workers accept jobs that legal residents are unwilling to do.
C) Undocumented workers do not displace legal residents from their jobs.
D) Undocumented workers are complements to legal resident workers.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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"Brain-drain" refers to the


A) relatively low levels of human capital in low-income countries.
B) effect of migration on human capital levels in high-income countries.
C) emigration of highly educated workers to higher-income countries.
D) inability of workers in low-income countries to achieve the levels of human capital possessed by workers in high-income countries.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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According to U.S. Census Bureau data (2014) , approximately how many illegal immigrants are estimated to be living continuously in the United States?


A) 5 million
B) 11 million
C) 23 million
D) 30 million

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Economists point out that the strong inflow of undocumented workers to some extent reflects the


A) increasing return to capital in the United States.
B) increasing scarcity of unskilled labor in other countries.
C) more lenient immigration laws.
D) increasing scarcity of domestic unskilled labor in the United States.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Worker migration will cause wage rates to equalize across two countries if all of the following conditions are met except that


A) migration is motivated strictly by wage differentials.
B) neither nation restricts or interferes with migration.
C) both countries use the same currency.
D) migration has no cost.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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All illegal immigrants enter the U.S. and arrive here illegally.

A) True
B) False

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Other things equal, the optimal number of immigrants will be greater, the


A) greater the education and skill level of immigrants.
B) lower the education and skill level of immigrants.
C) higher the unemployment rate of the destination nation.
D) greater the fiscal burden of each immigrant.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Suppose that Rosa is considering migration to another country. To move, she will have to spend $5,000 on transportation and $4,000 in application and other processing fees. Rosa's stream of future earnings in her home country is $500,000. She expects to earn a stream of future earnings of $800,000 in another country. Based on this information, Rosa's explicit cost of migrating is


A) $9,000.
B) $500,000.
C) $507,000.
D) $5,000.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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If the demand for labor in a country receiving immigrants is inelastic, the immigration will increase the total wages paid in that country.

A) True
B) False

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(Consider This) Since 1990, U.S. immigrants have founded of every public companies financed by venture capital.


A) 1; 4
B) 1; 3
C) 1; 2
D) 2; 5

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements is true about migration behavior?


A) Older workers are more likely to migrate than younger workers.
B) Migrants are more likely to migrate to countries farther rather than nearer to their home country.
C) Single workers are more likely to migrate than workers with spouses and children.
D) Workers are less likely to migrate where "beaten paths" exist.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Native-born workers are more likely to be harmed by immigration if


A) they are complementary resources to immigrant workers.
B) they are substitute resources for immigrant workers.
C) demand for their labor is inelastic.
D) there is a substantial amount of backflow.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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If the elasticity of demand for labor in the United States is unitary, immigration into the United States can be expected to


A) increase the average U.S. wage rate.
B) decrease the total amount of wage earnings that U.S. workers receive.
C) increase the total amount of wage earnings that U.S. workers receive.
D) leave the total amount of wage earnings that U.S. workers receive unchanged.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following cases best illustrates economic immigration?


A) Sophia migrated to Germany to rejoin her family.
B) Julio migrated to Australia to take a job paying three times what he earned at home.
C) Nguyen migrated to the United States to escape religious persecution.
D) Vladimir migrated to Great Britain to avoid political imprisonment.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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U.S. immigrants (legal and illegal) have


A) higher prison rates and crime rates than the native-born population.
B) lower prison rates and crime rates than the native-born population.
C) lower prison rates, but illegal immigrants have higher crime rates, than the native-born population.
D) higher prison rates, but lower crime rates, than the native-born population.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Many of the recent concerns about immigration in the U.S. have focused on green-card holders.

A) True
B) False

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Suppose that Gamma is an advanced industrial country and Omega is a developing nation. Omega will gain the most from having some of its people emigrate to Gamma if


A) Omega is currently experiencing full employment.
B) the most skilled workers emigrate.
C) Omega currently suffers from high unemployment and the unemployed emigrate.
D) the costs to emigrate to Gamma are high.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Between 1996 and 2006, cash welfare payments to immigrants


A) rose by 20 percent.
B) rose by 10 percent.
C) fell by 73 percent.
D) fell by 39 percent.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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According to the World Bank, remittances from its workers abroad accounted for what portion of Mexico's GDP in 2015?


A) 0.5 percent
B) 2 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 20 percent

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Who tends to lose from labor migration?


A) the firms in the country of origin
B) the migrant workers
C) the firms in the destination country
D) the workers in the country of origin who did not migrate

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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