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If tax rates will be higher next year, taxpayers should defer their income to next year regardless of their after-tax rate of return.

A) True
B) False

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Effective tax planning does not require consideration of:


A) nontax factors
B) the taxpayer's tax costs of alternative transactions
C) the other party's tax costs of alternative transactions
D) the other party's nontax costs of alternative transactions
E) None of these

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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The timing strategy is based on the idea that where income is taxed affects the tax costs of the income.

A) True
B) False

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Assume that Marsha is indifferent between investing in a city of Destin bond that pays 6% interest and a corporate bond that pays 8% interest. What is Marsha's marginal tax rate?


A) 50%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 20%
E) None of these

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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One limitation of the timing strategy is the difficulties in accelerating a tax deduction without accelerating the actual cash outflow that generates the tax deduction.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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When considering cash outflows, higher present values are preferred.

A) True
B) False

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The time value of money suggests that $1 in one year is worth less than $1 today.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is an example of the timing strategy?


A) A cash basis taxpayer paying all outstanding bills by year end
B) A parent employing her child in the family business
C) A business paying its owner a $30,000 salary
D) A taxpayer investing in a tax preferred investment
E) None of these

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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The concept of present value is an important part of the timing strategy.

A) True
B) False

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The constructive receipt doctrine is a natural limitation for the conversion strategy.

A) True
B) False

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The timing strategy becomes more attractive if a taxpayer is able to accelerate deductions by two or more years (versus one year).

A) True
B) False

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The timing strategy is particularly effective for cash basis taxpayers.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following does not limit the benefits of deferring income?


A) increasing tax rates
B) a taxpayer with severe cash flow needs
C) if continuing an investment would generate a low rate of return
D) if continuing an investment would subject the taxpayer to unnecessary risk
E) None of these

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Assume that Lavonia's marginal tax rate is 20%. If a city of Tampa bond pays 5% interest, what interest rate would a corporate bond have to offer for Lavonia to be indifferent between the two bonds?


A) 20%
B) 8%
C) 7%
D) 4%
E) None of these

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Correct Answer

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If tax rates are decreasing:


A) taxpayers should accelerate income
B) taxpayers should defer deductions
C) taxpayers should accelerate deductions
D) taxpayers should defer deductions and accelerate income
E) None of these

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Based only on the information provided for each scenario, determine whether Kristi or Cindy will benefit more from using the timing strategy and why there will be a benefit to that person. a. Kristi has a 40% tax rate and can defer $20,000 of income. Cindy has a 30% tax rate and can defer $30,000 of income. b. Kristy has a 30% tax rate, a 10% after-tax rate of return, and can defer $25,000 of income for three years. Cindy has a 40% tax rate, an 8% after-tax rate of return, and can defer $20,000 of income for four years.

Correct Answer

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(a) Cindy, because she can defer $9,000 ...

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Future value can be computed as Future Value = Present Value/(1 + r)n.

A) True
B) False

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The constructive receipt doctrine:


A) is particularly restrictive for accrual basis taxpayers
B) causes income to be recognized before it is actually received
C) causes income to be recognized after it is actually received
D) applies equally to income and expenses
E) None of these

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Paying "fabricated" expenses in high tax rate years is an example of:


A) conversion
B) tax evasion
C) timing
D) income shifting
E) None of these

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following decreases the benefits of accelerating deductions?


A) decreasing tax rates
B) smaller after-tax rate of return
C) larger after-tax rate of return
D) larger magnitude of transactions
E) None of these

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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