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(Last Word) : Amazon's rise to become the world's largest online retailer was largely driven by:


A) an exclusive license granted by the U.S.government.
B) patents on online selling that keeps other firms out of the market.
C) far superior products than other online sellers could offer.
D) massive economies of scale in distribution logistics and data storage.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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If a nondiscriminating imperfectly competitive firm is selling its 100th unit of output for $35,its marginal revenue:


A) may be either greater or less than $35.
B) will also be $35.
C) will be less than $35.
D) will be greater than $35.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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To maximize profit,a pure monopolist must:


A) maximize its total revenue.
B) maximize the difference between marginal revenue and marginal cost.
C) maximize the difference between total revenue and total cost.
D) produce where average total cost is at a minimum.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Answer the question on the basis of the following demand and cost data for a pure monopolist:  Demand Data  Quantity  Price  Demanded $5.5035.0044.5053.8563.3572.9082.509 Cost Data  Output  Total Cost 3$5.0046.0056.0067.5079.00811.00914.00\begin{array}{l}\begin{array}{ccc}&\text { Demand Data }&\\&&\text { Quantity }\\\text { Price } & & \text { Demanded } \\\hline\$ 5.50 & & 3 \\5.00 & & 4 \\4.50 & & 5 \\3.85 & & 6 \\3.35 & & 7 \\2.90 & & 8 \\2.50 & & 9\end{array}\begin{array}{ccc}&\text { Cost Data }&\\\\\text { Output } & & \text { Total Cost } \\\hline3& & \$ 5.00 \\4&&6.00\\5 & & 6.00 \\6 & & 7.50 \\7 & & 9.00 \\8 & & 11.00 \\9 & & 14.00\end{array}\end{array} Refer to the data.The profit-maximizing monopolist will realize a:


A) profit of $8.50.
B) profit of $7.50.
C) profit of $16.
D) loss of $14.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A single-price pure monopoly is economically inefficient:


A) only because it produces beyond the point of minimum average total cost.
B) only because it produces short of the point of minimum average total cost.
C) because it produces short of minimum average total cost and price is greater than marginal cost.
D) because it produces beyond minimum average total cost and marginal cost is greater than price.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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A pure monopolist should never produce in the:


A) elastic segment of its demand curve because it can increase total revenue and reduce total cost by lowering price.
B) inelastic segment of its demand curve because it can increase total revenue and reduce total cost by increasing price.
C) inelastic segment of its demand curve because it can always increase total revenue by more than it increases total cost by reducing price.
D) segment of its demand curve where the price elasticity coefficient is greater than one.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Under which of the following situations would a monopolist increase profits by lowering price (and increasing output) :


A) if it discovered that it was producing where MC = MR.
B) if it discovered that it was producing where its MC curve intersects its demand curve.
C) if it discovered that it was producing where MC < MR.
D) under none of these circumstances because a monopolist would never lower price.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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If a pure monopolist is producing at that output where P = ATC,then:


A) its economic profits will be zero.
B) it will be realizing losses.
C) it will be producing less than the profit-maximizing level of output.
D) it will be realizing an economic profit.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is characteristic of a pure monopolist's demand curve?


A) Average revenue is less than price.
B) Its elasticity coefficient is 1 at all levels of output.
C) Price and marginal revenue are equal at all levels of output.
D) It is the same as the market demand curve.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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There is some evidence to suggest that X-inefficiency is:


A) absent whenever two or more producers are competing with one another.
B) not encountered in either competitive or monopolistic firms.
C) more likely to occur in monopolistic firms than in competitive firms.
D) more likely to occur in competitive firms than in monopolistic firms.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Answer the question on the basis of the following information for a pure monopolist:  Output  Total Cost 0$25012602290335044805700 Product  Price $500300250200150100\begin{array}{ccc}\begin{array}{ccc}\\\text { Output } & & \text { Total Cost } \\\hline0 & & \$ 250 \\1 & & 260 \\2 & & 290 \\3 & & 350 \\4 & & 480 \\5 & & 700\end{array}\begin{array}{l}\text { Product }\\\begin{array}{c}\text { Price } \\\hline \$ 500 \\300 \\250 \\200 \\150 \\100\end{array}\end{array}\end{array} The given nondiscriminating monopolist should set its price at:


A) $300.
B) $250.
C) $200.
D) $150.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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An unregulated pure monopolist will maximize profits by producing that output at which:


A) P = MC.
B) P = ATC.
C) MR = MC.
D) MC = AC.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Because the monopolist's demand curve is downsloping:


A) MR will equal price.
B) price must be lowered to sell more output.
C) the elasticity coefficient will increase as price is lowered.
D) its supply curve will also be downsloping.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Extensive network effects may drive a market toward natural monopoly because consumers tend to choose a common,standard product that everyone else is using.

A) True
B) False

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Suppose for a regulated monopoly that price equals minimum ATC but price exceeds MC.This means that:


A) both productive and allocative efficiency are being achieved.
B) productive efficiency is being achieved,but not allocative efficiency.
C) allocative efficiency is being achieved,but not productive efficiency.
D) neither productive nor allocative efficiency is being achieved.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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If a regulatory commission wants to provide a natural monopoly with a fair return,it should establish a price that is equal to:


A) minimum average fixed cost.
B) average total cost.
C) marginal cost.
D) marginal revenue.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Which of the following statements is correct?


A) The pure monopolist will maximize profit by producing at that point on the demand curve where elasticity is zero.
B) In seeking the profit-maximizing output,the pure monopolist underallocates resources to its production.
C) The pure monopolist maximizes profits by producing that output at which the differential between price and average cost is the greatest.
D) Purely monopolistic sellers earn only normal profits in the long run.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Assume a pure monopolist is currently operating at a price-quantity combination on the inelastic segment of its demand curve.If the monopolist is seeking maximum profits,it should:


A) retain its current price-quantity combination.
B) increase both price and quantity sold.
C) charge a lower price.
D) charge a higher price.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is correct?


A) Both purely competitive and monopolistic firms are "price takers."
B) Both purely competitive and monopolistic firms are "price makers."
C) A purely competitive firm is a "price taker," while a monopolist is a "price maker."
D) A purely competitive firm is a "price maker," while a monopolist is a "price taker."

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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If a pure monopolist is operating in a range of output where demand is elastic:


A) it cannot possibly be maximizing profits.
B) marginal revenue will be positive but declining.
C) marginal revenue will be positive and rising.
D) total revenue will be declining.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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