Question 1

Phylogenies are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolutionary trees that depict species' relationships based on descent from shared ancestors
B)  Family trees that follow parents and offspring of a species
C)  Charts that show the presence or absence of disease in families
D)  Evolutionary trees
E)  Depict species' relationships based on descent from shared ancestorsF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

The observation that fresh water habitats account for only 1% of the Earth's water,they are home to 36% of the know species of fish is due to ____ speciation.

Accepted Answer

A)  prezygotic
B)  postzygotic
C)  allopatric
D)  sympatric
E)  parapatricF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Islands provide ideal opportunities to study speciation because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Organisms cannot easily immigrate and emigrate
B)  Natural selection occurs more rapidly
C)  They are very large with diverse populations
D)  The organisms have little competition and do not change
E)  All are correctF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

figure 13.20 
-Based on figure 13.20 shown,birds are most closely related to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Crocodiles
B)  Snakes
C)  Mammals
D)  Dinosaurs
E)  AmphibiansF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Two species of finches found on the same Galápagos island,but feeding on different food sources is an example of ____ speciation.

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric
B)  sympatric
C)  prezygotic
D)  postzygotic
E)  parapatricF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

A discontinued line in an evolutionary tree indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinction
B)  Gradualism
C)  Punctuated equilibrium
D)  Convergent evolution
E)  Temporal isolationF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 7

If a sheep and goat are mated,their offspring dies as an embryo.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  prezygotic
B)  allopatric
C)  sympatric
D)  postzygotic
E)  parapatricF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

The process by which new species originate:

Accepted Answer

A)  Is germination
B)  Is extinction
C)  Occurred only once in Earth's history
D)  Is speciation
E)  Occurred for millions of years but is no longer occurringF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 9

Conservation biologists are often concerned that when the population size of an endangered species becomes too small it is at risk of extinction for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can no longer evolve
B)  Their rate of breeding will decline
C)  They may be more susceptible to changes in the environment or disease
D)  They are at risk of sympatric isolation
E)  They are at risk of developing prezygotic barriers to reproductionF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Formation of a tetraploid plant from two different diploid parental species of plants is an example of ____ speciation.

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric
B)  prezygotic
C)  postzygotic
D)  sympatric
E)  parapatricF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Bumblebees pollinate M.lewisii,whereas hummingbirds prefer the red-flowered M.cardinalis.If,by chance,a hummingbird carries M.cardinalis pollen to M.lewisii,the resulting hybrid offspring are viable.M.lewisii and M.cardinalis are different species due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Post-zygotic barriers to reproduction
B)  Pre-zygotic barriers to reproduction
C)  Independent assortment
D)  Gradualism
E)  Adaptive radiationF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

Among evolutionary biologists the idea of sympatric speciation is controversial.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  The origin of horses and donkeys from a common ancestor
B)  Giraffes with longer necks reaching higher tree branches
C)  Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus
D)  Female cardinals preferring males with bright red feathers
E)  The beaks of cactus finches changing in size in response to a drought on the Galápagos islandsF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

Hawthorn maggot flies that breed on native hawthorns or introduced European apples can mate in the lab,but rarely mate in the wild.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  postzygotic
B)  prezygotic
C)  allopatric
D)  sympatric
E)  parapatricF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 15

Island species are especially vulnerable to extinction because:

Accepted Answer

A)  A single event like a hurricane may destroy a small island population
B)  The extinction of a prey species may destroy a small island population
C)  The introduction of a new predator may destroy a small island population
D)  Random fluctuations in birth and death rates may destroy the small population of an island
E)  All are correctF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Species such as mice have a better chance of surviving sudden environmental change than elephants because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Elephants reproduce much more slowly than mice
B)  Elephants require larger habitats than mice
C)  Elephants eat more than mice
D)  Elephants live longer than mice
E)  Elephants have a more selective diet than miceF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

It is believed that the two main reasons for mass extinctions in Earth's history have been:

Accepted Answer

A)  Impact of Earth with a large celestial body and human intervention
B)  Global warming and human intervention
C)  Human intervention and shifting of Earth's continents
D)  Global warming and shifting of Earth's continents
E)  Impact of Earth with a large celestial body and shifting of Earth's continentsF) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 18

The rate of background extinctions is calculated to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 to 1.0 species per year per million species
B)  0.001 to 0.01 species per year per million species
C)  1.0 to 10 species per year per million species
D)  10 to 100 species per year per million species
E)  None of the above are correctF) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

Birds use specific songs,coloring,and mating dances to attract mates of their species.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  postzygotic
B)  allopatric
C)  prezygotic
D)  sympatric
E)  parapatricF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

The type of reproductive isolation in which the two populations are separated due to their habitat is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mechanical isolation
B)  Ecological isolation
C)  Hybrid inviability
D)  Behavioral isolation
E)  Temporal isolationF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Exam 13: Speciation and Extinction

Island species are especially vulnerable to extinction because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is believed that the two main reasons for mass extinctions in Earth's history have been:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rate of background extinctions is calculated to be:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

figure 13.20 -Based on figure 13.20 shown,birds are most closely related to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bumblebees pollinate M.lewisii,whereas hummingbirds prefer the red-flowered M.cardinalis.If,by chance,a hummingbird carries M.cardinalis pollen to M.lewisii,the resulting hybrid offspring are viable.M.lewisii and M.cardinalis are different species due to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a sheep and goat are mated,their offspring dies as an embryo.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two species of finches found on the same Galápagos island,but feeding on different food sources is an example of ____ speciation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phylogenies are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of reproductive isolation in which the two populations are separated due to their habitat is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Birds use specific songs,coloring,and mating dances to attract mates of their species.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hawthorn maggot flies that breed on native hawthorns or introduced European apples can mate in the lab,but rarely mate in the wild.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of macroevolution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Species such as mice have a better chance of surviving sudden environmental change than elephants because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Islands provide ideal opportunities to study speciation because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Among evolutionary biologists the idea of sympatric speciation is controversial.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Formation of a tetraploid plant from two different diploid parental species of plants is an example of ____ speciation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The observation that fresh water habitats account for only 1% of the Earth's water,they are home to 36% of the know species of fish is due to ____ speciation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A discontinued line in an evolutionary tree indicates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process by which new species originate:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conservation biologists are often concerned that when the population size of an endangered species becomes too small it is at risk of extinction for which reason?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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