Question 1

Cytotoxic T cells target

Accepted Answer

A)   cancer cells and virally infected cells.
B)   skin cells and blood cells.
C)   bacterial cells and fungal cells.
D)   B cells and macrophages.
E)   antigens and antibodies.F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

Antibody production begins

Accepted Answer

A)   in a fetus as its bone marrow develops.
B)   in a fetus in response to maternal antigens.
C)   immediately after birth.
D)   after birth, a few months after exposure to foreign antigens.
E)   at the embryo stage.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 3

Plasma cells

Accepted Answer

A)   secrete antibodies.
B)   are types of red blood cells.
C)   secrete cytokines.
D)   divide to give rise to B cells.
E)   constitute the clear part of blood.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

The two major types of lymphocytes are

Accepted Answer

A)   T and B cells.
B)   A and B cells.
C)   cytokines and antibodies.
D)   thymus and spleen cells.
E)   RBCs and WBCs.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 5

B cells secrete antibodies when they

Accepted Answer

A)   bind antigens.
B)   are engulfed by macrophages.
C)   become T cells.
D)   are stimulated by activated T cells.
E)   undergo apoptosis.F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 6

Interleukin-2 is used as a drug to activate

Accepted Answer

A)   T cells.
B)   B cells.
C)   macrophages.
D)   mast cells.
E)   erythrocytes.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

The functions of antibodies include

Accepted Answer

A)   causing pieces of antigen genes to form new combinations.
B)   activating complement, inactivating pathogens, and clumping pathogens.
C)   activating macrophages, stimulating mast cells, and increasing the white blood cell count.
D)   creating a warm and swollen area near the site of infection, which harms the pathogens.
E)   causing B cells to bind to T cells, forming clumps that are visible to the immune system.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

The part of an antigen binding site on an antibody that binds antigen is the

Accepted Answer

A)   idioblast.
B)   idiotype.
C)   idiot.
D)   epitope.
E)   intron.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

Antibody diversity is a consequence of

Accepted Answer

A)   rearranging of HLA proteins on B cell surfaces.
B)   the huge number of antibody genes.
C)   shuffling of antibody genes into different combinations during B cell development.
D)   differential regulation of antibody gene expression under different circumstances.
E)   the many types of viruses that exist in nature.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

In a less severe form of combined immune deficiency,the individual

Accepted Answer

A)   has normal numbers of T and B cells.
B)   makes antibodies that attack the body's own tissues.
C)   has no white blood cells.
D)   has some T cells but lacks B cells.
E)   lacks both T and A B cells.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Crowd diseases arise when

Accepted Answer

A)   a formerly isolated population is exposed to pathogens that only affect non human animals.
B)   a formerly isolated population is exposed to pathogens that have been in other human populations for so long that the people there are immune.
C)   too many people crowd an area and sneeze uncontrollably on each other.
D)   people refuse to have their children vaccinated.
E)   members of isolated populations visit crowded areas, bringing unfamiliar infectious diseases.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

_______ bonds hold together the polypeptide chains that form an antibody.

Accepted Answer

A)   Disulfide
B)   Peptide
C)   Hydrogen
D)   Phosphodiester
E)   RepulsiveF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

The human immune system consists of

Accepted Answer

A)   about 10,000 cells that increase rapidly to trillions when an infection takes hold.
B)   the heart and blood vessels and the blood cells within the vessels.
C)   about 2 trillion cells, their secretions, and the organs where they are produced and stored.
D)   all of the bacteria and viruses that are normally present in our bodies plus our blood cells.
E)   the thyroid and thymus glands and their cells and secretions.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

Heart valve replacement in humans using a pig valve is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   autograft.
B)   isograft.
C)   allograft.
D)   xenograft.
E)   unmatched recipient.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

A vaccine protects by stimulating a person to produce a(n) ________ response when the pathogen is encountered.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary immune
B)   secondary immune
C)   tertiary immune
D)   inflammatory
E)   anaphylacticF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 16

The genes of the HLA system encode cell surface

Accepted Answer

A)   phospholipids.
B)   lipoproteins.
C)   glycolipids.
D)   glycoproteins.
E)   histamines.F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 17

Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder that can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)   retained fetal cells with surfaces that are similar to the mother's.
B)   retained fetal cells with surfaces that are very different from those of the mother.
C)   retained fetal cells with surfaces that are similar to the father's.
D)   repeated exposure to the scleroderma virus.
E)   receiving a transplant of a vital organ from someone with closely-matched cell surfaces.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

People who cannot become infected with HIV have

Accepted Answer

A)   extra T cells.
B)   deletions in the genes encoding the CCR5 co-receptor.
C)   a gene encoding a protein that attacks the virus.
D)   antibodies to HIV.
E)   anti-HIV antigens.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 19

Severe combined immune deficiencies (SCID) affect both

Accepted Answer

A)   humoral and cellular immunity
B)   the thymus and thyroid glands.
C)   white blood cells and red blood cells.
D)   mast cells and macrophages.
E)   helper B cells and cytotoxic B cells.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

An antigen is

Accepted Answer

A)   any molecule that can elicit an immune response.
B)   a protein only.
C)   a nucleic acid only.
D)   a protein or nucleic acid.
E)   a protective protein that the immune system produces.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Exam 17: Genetics of Immunity

Plasma cells

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Heart valve replacement in humans using a pig valve is an example of a(n)

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People who cannot become infected with HIV have

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Severe combined immune deficiencies (SCID) affect both

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Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder that can be caused by

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_______ bonds hold together the polypeptide chains that form an antibody.

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A vaccine protects by stimulating a person to produce a(n) ________ response when the pathogen is encountered.

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The genes of the HLA system encode cell surface

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a less severe form of combined immune deficiency,the individual

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The functions of antibodies include

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Crowd diseases arise when

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The two major types of lymphocytes are

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The human immune system consists of

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Interleukin-2 is used as a drug to activate

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Antibody diversity is a consequence of

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B cells secrete antibodies when they

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Cytotoxic T cells target

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Antibody production begins

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The part of an antigen binding site on an antibody that binds antigen is the

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An antigen is

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