Question 1

Glucose, C6H12O6, is best described as a(n)  ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   element
B)   isotope
C)   compound
D)   ion
E)   charged atomF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

What property of water causes sugar to dissolve in coffee?

Accepted Answer

A)   Water has high heat capacity.
B)   Water is less dense as ice.
C)   Water is a good solvent.
D)   Water is cohesive.
E)   Water is able to change states.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

Engineers design city sidewalks using blocks of concrete separated by a small gap to prevent them from cracking. What property of water is being taken into account for this design? Water

Accepted Answer

A)   is a good solvent.
B)   is less dense when it is frozen.
C)   is cohesive.
D)   is resistant to temperature changes.
E)   has a high heat capacity.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

An element has an atomic number of 78. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are

Accepted Answer

A)   156 protons and 78 electrons.
B)   39 protons and 39 electrons.
C)   78 protons and 0 electrons.
D)   78 protons and 78 electrons.
E)   78 protons and 39 electrons.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Regarding atoms, identify which statement below is correct.

Accepted Answer

A)   An element may be composed of several types of atoms.
B)   The nucleus of an atom contains protons and electrons.
C)   The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs its chemical activity.
D)   The positive charges of an element are carried by the electrons.
E)   The neutral charges of an element are carried by the protons.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of how water molecules form and interact?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hydrogen atoms bond with each other to create stable outer shell of electrons. Then they form a hydrogen bond to an oxygen atom to create the water molecule.
B)   Oxygen atoms transfer one electron to each of the hydrogen atoms forming an ionic bond that attracts other water molecules to it.
C)   The oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond with one another to create stable outer shells of electrons. The electrons are shared unequally resulting in a polar molecule whose slight charges form weak hydrogen bond attractions with other water molecules.
D)   Hydrogen bonds are formed between the two hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom. This water molecule than forms a covalent bond with adjacent water molecules.
E)   The oxygen atom is more electronegative than the two hydrogen atoms. Due to this, it removes the electron from each hydrogen atom. This satisfies the outer shell of oxygen. Then hydrogen bonds form between the two remaining hydrogen atoms to hold them near to the oxygen atom.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 7

The atomic structure of water satisfies the octet rule by

Accepted Answer

A)   having electrons shared between the two oxygen atoms.
B)   having electrons from hydrogen transferred to the oxygen atom.
C)   having electrons from oxygen transferred to the hydrogen atoms.
D)   having oxygen share electrons with two hydrogen atoms.
E)   having electrons shared between the two hydrogen atoms.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

Which of these does not occur when a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom?

Accepted Answer

A)   The sodium atom becomes a positively charged ion.
B)   The positive and negative ions will attract each other, forming a crystal if no water is present.
C)   The ions will separate in the presence of water.
D)   There is a sharing of the electrons between the sodium and chlorine atoms.
E)   The chlorine atom becomes a negatively charged ion.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

If average temperatures from South Dakota were compared to temperatures from Oregon it would show that Oregon has warmer winters and cooler summers than South Dakota does. Account for why this could be when they are at similar latitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)   South Dakota has less trees.
B)   The Pacific ocean makes Oregon temperatures more moderate.
C)   Oregon receives more rainfall.
D)   South Dakota has fewer lakes and rivers.
E)   South Dakota has more prevailing winds from the west.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Isotopes of an atom differ in their

Accepted Answer

A)   atomic number.
B)   atomic mass.
C)   number of electrons.
D)   atomic radius.
E)   number of protons.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is not a contributing event in the formation of acid rain?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fossil fuels consume oxygen removing it from the atmosphere.
B)   Coal & oil emit sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide when they are burned.
C)   Fossil fuel emission gases combine with water in the atmosphere.
D)   A solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid forms.
E)   Precipitation containing sulfuric acid and nitric acid fall to the Earth.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a compound?

Accepted Answer

A)   H2O
B)   O­2­
C)   NaCl
D)   CO2
E)   MgCl2F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

Chemical bonds involve

Accepted Answer

A)   the giving and taking of electrons.
B)   the giving and taking of protons.
C)   the giving, taking or sharing of electrons.
D)   the giving, taking or sharing of protons.
E)   the sharing of electrons.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Students were studying properties of water. One student placed a cup containing 80 mL of water in a freezer. Another student placed an identical cup containing 40 mL of water in the same freezer. Which of the following will be the same for both cups of water?

Accepted Answer

A)   the temperature at which the water freezes
B)   the mass of the frozen water
C)   the time it takes the water to freeze
D)   the volume of the frozen water
E)   the space it occupies in the cupsF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

The pH of pure water is ______ because ___________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   7.0; water dissociates an equal number of H+ ions and OH-
B)   14.0; water dissociates and more OH- is formed because there are more hydrogen atoms in water
C)   1.0; water dissociates and more H+ is formed since hydrogen is smaller and can separate from the oxygen easily
D)   7.0; there are no ions formed in pure water
E)   acidic; there are more H+ ions than OH- ions presentF) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Radioactive isotopes are useful in biological studies because

Accepted Answer

A)   an organism will take in a molecule with the isotope and use it normally but the radioactive decay can be detected.
B)   an organism will take in a molecule with the isotope but will only use it in a few specific reactions not the normal ones.
C)   an organism will take in the molecule with the isotope and then remove the isotope and send it through the excretory system while replacing the isotope with a normal atom.
D)   they are easily visible and normal atoms are not.
E)   they are easy and inexpensive to use in studies.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Water is able to travel up a 100 foot tree.
B)   Water expands as it freezes causing ice to float on the surface of a lake.
C)   Living organisms are better able to maintain their internal body temperature because the temperature of their environment changes very slowly.
D)   Small insects can walk on water.
E)   Ice cubes float.F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 18

The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the concentration of H+ present in a solution
B)   the concentration of OH- present in a solution
C)   the total amount of all ions in a solution
D)   the ability of a solution to buffer
E)   the ability to dissolve in waterF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 19

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

Accepted Answer

A)   has a high specific heat.
B)   has lower density when frozen.
C)   is a good solvent.
D)   has surface tension.
E)   resists temperature changes.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

The reactivity of an atom depends on

Accepted Answer

A)   the number of protons.
B)   the number of neutrons.
C)   the number of electrons.
D)   the number of valence electrons.
E)   the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

What property of water causes sugar to dissolve in coffee?

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The atomic structure of water satisfies the octet rule by

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Which of the following best describes the structure of how water molecules form and interact?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pH of pure water is ______ because ___________________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemical bonds involve

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Regarding atoms, identify which statement below is correct.

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An element has an atomic number of 78. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are

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Which of these does not occur when a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom?

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The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of ________.

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Which of the following is NOT a compound?

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Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

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Engineers design city sidewalks using blocks of concrete separated by a small gap to prevent them from cracking. What property of water is being taken into account for this design? Water

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glucose, C6H12O6, is best described as a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Students were studying properties of water. One student placed a cup containing 80 mL of water in a freezer. Another student placed an identical cup containing 40 mL of water in the same freezer. Which of the following will be the same for both cups of water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reactivity of an atom depends on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a contributing event in the formation of acid rain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Isotopes of an atom differ in their

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If average temperatures from South Dakota were compared to temperatures from Oregon it would show that Oregon has warmer winters and cooler summers than South Dakota does. Account for why this could be when they are at similar latitudes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Radioactive isotopes are useful in biological studies because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The pH of pure water is because _____________________.

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Glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆, is best described as a(n) ________.

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