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Exam 6: Motivation

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Question 21

True/False

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Motivation determines the direction, intensity, and outcome of effort.

A) True
B) False

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Question 22

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The motivating force with the strongest performance effect is perception of equity.

A) True
B) False

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Question 23

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Which theory suggests that employees create a "mental ledger" of the outcomes they get from their job duties?

Allen and Denny have been working for Yummy Treats for about five years, at the same level of management and doing similar kind of work.Allen has been focusing on setting specific and difficult goals and believes that exerting a high level of effort will result in the successful performance in his job and that is what he should focus on.Denny on the other hand compares himself to other managers, such as Jim who works for the competitor in a similar work position.He feels disheartened when he finds out that he is significantly under rewarded at Yummy Treats.From Denny's view in the above situation, Jim is a(n) :

Cognitive distortion allows you to restore balance mentally by altering your behavior in certain ways.

Equity has _____ effect on citizenship behavior and a _____ effect on counterproductive behavior.

People who experience higher levels of equity tend to feel higher levels of affective commitment and higher levels of normative commitment.

Employees with high levels of competence can choose what tasks to work on, how to structure those tasks, and how long to pursue those tasks.

The dimensions of psychological empowerment include all of these except:

_____ reflects how complicated the information and actions involved in a task are, as well as how much the task changes.

The efforts of Coach Anderson have made the Silver Hawks the best football team in Brooklyn.The team owners Tell Coach Anderson that his efforts have vastly improved the team's performance and that they believe his continuing efforts will result in the Silver Hawks being ranked as the best team along the East Coast.Which psychological empowerment concept best expresses the impact of the owners' comments on Coach Anderson's motivation?

As goals move from moderate to difficult, the intensity and persistence of effort are minimized.

GroundWork is a venture capital firm that helps in financing small businesses.New hires at the firm are given a project worth $50,000 to work on with minimum interference from the senior associates.The project has large scope for innovation and creation.What was the management attempting to use as a motivator for the new hires?

_____ theory argues that employee behavior is directed toward pleasure and away from pain or, more generally, toward certain outcomes and away from others.

The anticipated value of the outcomes associated with performance is known as:

After the annual appraisal, Ted was disappointed with his 10% increase in pay compared to the 20% increase his colleagues received.When Ted spoke to his manager, he was told his colleagues were able to perform well over the minimum standard.Ted had not been aware of the minimum he was expected to achieve or the levels generally achieved by his colleagues.What would help Ted improve his performance?

Karen is a senior manager at The American Bank.A good part of her workday is spent in meetings with clients, subordinates at the bank, prospective customers, and the auditors.Though Karen has such a busy schedule, she manages to find time for her equally important meetings with the PETA foundation.Karen's commitment can be classified under which of the following concepts of psychological empowerment?

Describe the strategies for fostering goal commitment.

Explain how motivation relates to job performance and organizational commitment.Motivation relates to job performance and organizational commitment in the following ways:

How do employees make the choices that take them in the "right direction"? Justify your answer with the help of expectancy theory.