Question 1

Which perspective studies the relative contributions of our genes and our environment on our individual differences?

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive
B)   behavior genetics
C)   social-cultural
D)   psychodynamicE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Mrs.Blair concludes that boys do not read as well as girls because most of the students in her remedial reading classes are boys.Mrs.Blair's conclusion best illustrates the danger of

Accepted Answer

A)   random assignment.
B)   generalizing from vivid cases.
C)   confusing correlation with causation.
D)   random sampling.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Exploring how we humans are diverse because of our differing genes and environments is the focus of

Accepted Answer

A)   behavior genetics.
B)   cognitive psychology.
C)   evolutionary psychology.
D)   humanistic psychology.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

The personality theorist Sigmund Freud was an Austrian

Accepted Answer

A)   chemist.
B)   physician.
C)   theologian.
D)   politician.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

When psychologists insist that "the rat is always right," they are emphasizing the scientific attitude of

Accepted Answer

A)   humility.
B)   respect for animals.
C)   curiosity.
D)   skepticism.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

If the correlation between children's body weight and their reading ability is -1.00,this would indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   there is very little statistical relationship between children's body weight and reading ability.
B)   low body weight has a negative effect on children's reading ability.
C)   among children,better reading ability is associated with lower body weight.
D)   body weight has no causal influence on the reading ability of children.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

One research team randomly assigned hospitalized premature infants either to formula feedings or to breast-milk feedings.Which research method did they use?

Accepted Answer

A)   case study
B)   experimentation
C)   naturalistic observation
D)   correlational researchE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation,mental alertness would be the

Accepted Answer

A)   control condition.
B)   independent variable.
C)   experimental condition.
D)   dependent variable.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 9

The early school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes enable us to adapt and survive was called

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviorism.
B)   structuralism.
C)   behavior genetics.
D)   functionalism.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Distinguishing between an experimental group and a control group is most relevant to specifying the nature of

Accepted Answer

A)   random sampling.
B)   confounding variables.
C)   a correlation coefficient.
D)   independent variables.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Which perspective would help us to understand the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   evolutionary
B)   behavioral
C)   psychodynamic
D)   neuroscienceE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

The biopsychosocial approach incorporates different levels of analysis,which

Accepted Answer

A)   have little value for applied research.
B)   typically contradict common sense.
C)   are generally impossible to test scientifically.
D)   complement one another.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Psychology developed from the more established fields of philosophy and biology.For example,________ was an American philosopher and ________ was an Austrian physician.

Accepted Answer

A)   Wilhelm Wundt;Ivan Pavlov
B)   William James;Sigmund Freud
C)   B.F.Skinner;John B.Watson
D)   Abraham Maslow;Carl RogersE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Assessing the extent to which the predicted behavioral benefits of using a new therapeutic intervention are confirmed by scientific observation best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   functionalism.
B)   the psychodynamic perspective.
C)   introspection.
D)   an empirical approach.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Replication of a research study is most likely to be facilitated by

Accepted Answer

A)   massed practice.
B)   debriefing.
C)   operational definitions.
D)   the placebo effect.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

The most reliable way of testing whether a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is truly effective is to use

Accepted Answer

A)   survey research.
B)   naturalistic observation.
C)   correlational research.
D)   experimental research.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a representative sample of a population is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic observation.
B)   debriefing.
C)   a case study.
D)   a survey.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment is called a

Accepted Answer

A)   wording effect.
B)   correlation coefficient.
C)   placebo effect.
D)   confounding variable.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of

Accepted Answer

A)   learning.
B)   perception.
C)   personality.
D)   mental illness.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability.A specification of the procedures used to measure emotional stability illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the independent variable.
B)   an operational definition.
C)   the double-blind procedure.
D)   random assignment.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Exam 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

If the correlation between children's body weight and their reading ability is -1.00,this would indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a representative sample of a population is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One research team randomly assigned hospitalized premature infants either to formula feedings or to breast-milk feedings.Which research method did they use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability.A specification of the procedures used to measure emotional stability illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which perspective would help us to understand the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When psychologists insist that "the rat is always right," they are emphasizing the scientific attitude of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The personality theorist Sigmund Freud was an Austrian

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exploring how we humans are diverse because of our differing genes and environments is the focus of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The biopsychosocial approach incorporates different levels of analysis,which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Distinguishing between an experimental group and a control group is most relevant to specifying the nature of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mrs.Blair concludes that boys do not read as well as girls because most of the students in her remedial reading classes are boys.Mrs.Blair's conclusion best illustrates the danger of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which perspective studies the relative contributions of our genes and our environment on our individual differences?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assessing the extent to which the predicted behavioral benefits of using a new therapeutic intervention are confirmed by scientific observation best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The early school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes enable us to adapt and survive was called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation,mental alertness would be the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Replication of a research study is most likely to be facilitated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychology developed from the more established fields of philosophy and biology.For example,________ was an American philosopher and ________ was an Austrian physician.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most reliable way of testing whether a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is truly effective is to use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Psychology developed from the more established fields of philosophy and biology.For example, was an American philosopher and was an Austrian physician.

Correct Answer
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