Question 1

The values in a data set span from 60 to 90.If a researcher knows this,then the researcher is aware of the:

Accepted Answer

A)   standard deviation.
B)   median.
C)   mode.
D)   range.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

When two variables are correlated,it is not clear which one is a causal variable and which is an effect.This ambiguity reflects:

Accepted Answer

A)   the third variable problem.
B)   random error.
C)   selection bias.
D)   the directionality problem.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

When a researcher joins a social group and talks to the members in order to study that group,the approach is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   a self-report method.
B)   participant observation.
C)   experience sampling.
D)   response performance.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

The most frequently occurring score in a data set is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)   mean.
B)   mode.
C)   range.
D)   standard deviation.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

When you pair two variables,and as one increases so does the other,your data will show:

Accepted Answer

A)   a standardized range.
B)   a positive correlation.
C)   inferential statistics.
D)   validity.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

In which of the following ways are conducting research with humans versus animals similar?

Accepted Answer

A)   Consent is necessary for both.
B)   Animals are used as research models for humans,and humans are used as research models for animals.
C)   Both require approval by an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACU
C)  .
D)   Ethics are an important consideration for both.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

One of the four main goals of science is prediction.The main goal of scientists addressing this goal is to predict:

Accepted Answer

A)   what might control a behavior.
B)   how many scientific studies are needed to study a phenomenon.
C)   when a phenomenon will occur.
D)   which type of researchers will investigate a phenomenon.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of variables in studies?

Accepted Answer

A)   A variable is something that can change but is not measured in a study.
B)   A variable is something that can be measured but rarely changes.
C)   A variable is that aspect of a study that is unchanging.
D)   A variable is something that can change and be measured.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

One criticism that is made of many experimental studies in psychology is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   human behavior is almost impossible to study scientifically.
B)   human behavior is seldom related to animal behavior.
C)   experimental studies are conducted in artificial laboratory settings.
D)   it is very difficult to separate the effects of independent and dependent variables.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of events in a typical experimental session?

Accepted Answer

A)   experiment à informed consent à debriefing
B)   debriefing à informed consent à experiment
C)   informed consent à debriefing à experiment
D)   informed consent à experiment à debriefingE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Samir is conducting a correlational study,and he cannot determine whether one variable causes another.One reason for this indetermination is that the additional variables that he did not study could influence the variables he did study.This result reflects the problem with:

Accepted Answer

A)   selection bias.
B)   response accuracy.
C)   the third variable problem.
D)   the occurrence of random error.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

When confounds are present in an experiment,they result in:

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase in the possibility of selection bias.
B)   a decrease in the reactivity of the experimental participants.
C)   possible alternative explanations for the results of the experiment.
D)   the same treatment for experimental and control groups in the experiment.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

In which of the following ways are conducting research with humans versus animals different?

Accepted Answer

A)   There are limits to the procedures researchers can use with humans,but no limits with animals.
B)   Certain research procedures are acceptable in animals,but not in humans.
C)   There is a committee reviewing human research,but no oversight for animal research.
D)   Observation is a common research procedure for animals,but is not permitted on humans.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

In which of the following studies would the concept of reactivity be most relevant?

Accepted Answer

A)   a blind study
B)   a case study
C)   an observational study
D)   an electrophysiological studyE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

If a researcher wants to be able to generalize about a population using data pulled from a sample,it is best to use:

Accepted Answer

A)   a convenience sample.
B)   experience sampling.
C)   a descriptive study.
D)   a random sample.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Suppose a researcher studying social anxiety in children uses a measure of "fidgeting" that indexes hyperactivity instead of social anxiety.What type of validity is this measure lacking?

Accepted Answer

A)   construct
B)   external
C)   internal
D)   operationalE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Dr.Henderson wants to conduct research to test her theory that there is an association between sleep patterns and depressive thoughts.What must she do to test this theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   conduct naturalistic observation
B)   use self-report methods
C)   collect data systematically
D)   rely on positive correlations rather than negative correlationsE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Why would researchers choose to use animal models for research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Animals' brains and humans' brains are practically indistinguishable in research.
B)   They want to study a condition that exists in animals but not in humans.
C)   They want to study important brain or genetic changes that would be unethical to induce in humans.
D)   Animals often have the same disorders and diseases that humans have.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

How are a theory and a hypothesis different?

Accepted Answer

A)   A hypothesis is more specific than a theory.
B)   A hypothesis and a theory are the same thing.
C)   A theory can only be used for one study while a hypothesis can be used for several.
D)   A theory is unchanging while a hypothesis can be altered.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 20

One of the four main goals of science is control.The main goal of scientists addressing this goal is to control:

Accepted Answer

A)   the causes of a phenomenon.
B)   access to publications about a phenomenon.
C)   the institutions that research a phenomenon.
D)   the literature on a certain phenomenon.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 2: Research Methodology

One of the four main goals of science is control.The main goal of scientists addressing this goal is to control:

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When a researcher joins a social group and talks to the members in order to study that group,the approach is referred to as:

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In which of the following studies would the concept of reactivity be most relevant?

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One criticism that is made of many experimental studies in psychology is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most frequently occurring score in a data set is known as the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Henderson wants to conduct research to test her theory that there is an association between sleep patterns and depressive thoughts.What must she do to test this theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of variables in studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Samir is conducting a correlational study,and he cannot determine whether one variable causes another.One reason for this indetermination is that the additional variables that he did not study could influence the variables he did study.This result reflects the problem with:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The values in a data set span from 60 to 90.If a researcher knows this,then the researcher is aware of the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following ways are conducting research with humans versus animals similar?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are a theory and a hypothesis different?

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Why would researchers choose to use animal models for research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of events in a typical experimental session?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When confounds are present in an experiment,they result in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the four main goals of science is prediction.The main goal of scientists addressing this goal is to predict:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose a researcher studying social anxiety in children uses a measure of "fidgeting" that indexes hyperactivity instead of social anxiety.What type of validity is this measure lacking?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When you pair two variables,and as one increases so does the other,your data will show:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following ways are conducting research with humans versus animals different?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When two variables are correlated,it is not clear which one is a causal variable and which is an effect.This ambiguity reflects:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a researcher wants to be able to generalize about a population using data pulled from a sample,it is best to use:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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