Question 1

Gaze appears primarily as what kind of phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)   Encoding
B)   Internal attention
C)   External attention
D)   AccessibilityE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of the following emphasizes external stimulus information and describes the organization in it as "inherent in a stimulus for a particular perceiver, based on that person's history of perceptual experiences"?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ecological perception
B)   Gibsonian approach
C)   Both A and B
D)   None of the aboveE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Extensive research has been conducted on the effects of vividness on attitude change. Based on the research, which of the following would be most persuasive?

Accepted Answer

A)   A message accompanied by a large, clear photograph
B)   A message written in emotional, concrete language
C)   A message with many supporting facts and data
D)   None of these has shown to be particularly effectiveE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following emotional displays is most likely to increase the social salience of a face?

Accepted Answer

A)   Happiness
B)   Sadness
C)   Anger
D)   SurpriseE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Imagine you see a person commit a crime. Which of the following strategies is most likely to facilitate your later recognition of that person's face during a police lineup?

Accepted Answer

A)   Immediately describing the person's face in great detail
B)   Focusing on memorizing the most distinctive features of the face, particularly the eyes and mouth
C)   Focusing on the periphery of the face, such as the shape of the jaw, instead of the more central features
D)   Thinking of the face globally, or holisticallyE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

When perceiving a face looking directly at you, which of the following is least likely?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rapid categorization of the face by gender
B)   Facilitated recall of the face
C)   The face appears more attractive than if it were looking away
D)   Lower likelihood of associating the face with negative stereotypesE) C) and D)
F) B) and D) D

Question 7

If you find yourself daydreaming in class about a date last night, which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

A)   Encoding
B)   Internal attention
C)   External attention
D)   AccessibilityE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the effects of an unconscious prime?

Accepted Answer

A)   Encourages a person to behave in a way towards which the person was already inclined
B)   To be effective, the prime must be directly linked with the concept in question
C)   Can have significant long-term effects even when the stimulus is presented briefly
D)   None of the aboveE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Which of the following properties of a stimulus is least likely to influence attention?

Accepted Answer

A)   Salience
B)   Vividness
C)   Representation
D)   AccessibilityE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 10

What are the most central traits that people infer from faces?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kindness and confidence
B)   Persistence and dependability
C)   Intelligence and fairness
D)   Trustworthiness and competenceE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following has been proposed to be a mediator for differential attention and differential judgments?

Accepted Answer

A)   Accessibility of recall
B)   Causal relevance of recall
C)   All of the above
D)   None of the aboveE) B) and C)
F) All of the above D

Question 12

A person suffering from depression thinks about negative evaluations almost every time he thinks about himself. This would best be described as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Private self-focus
B)   Chronic accessibility
C)   Affective encoding
D)   Stereotypic exaggerationE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

A particularly salient behavioral display is least likely to result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased tendency for spontaneous trait inference
B)   Increased attention to environmental cues
C)   Increased evaluation of the target's prominence
D)   Increased exaggeration of positive or negative aspects of the behaviorE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

You are impressed to see a student happily donate $100 to charity, and later describe that person as "generous." This is best described as an example of what?

Accepted Answer

A)   Automatic processing
B)   Spontaneous trait inference
C)   Emotional overgeneralization
D)   Behavioral salienceE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following statements has been shown to be true regarding vividness effects?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vivid information is more persuasive than dry, abstract messages
B)   Vivid information easily brings to mind internal visual representations, making them more memorable
C)   Vivid, direct experiences change attitudes more effectively than secondhand experiences
D)   None of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following show accessibility effects due to priming?

Accepted Answer

A)   Positive or negative personality traits
B)   Racial stereotypes
C)   Gender-role stereotypes
D)   All of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Studies in ___________ indicate that baby-faced adults are perceived to have more childlike qualities than mature-faced adults. These studies suggest that this response is an adaptive response for the species' survival, because adults must nurture and protect the young.

Accepted Answer

A)   Cognitive neuroscience
B)   Social salience
C)   Ecological perspective
D)   None of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following would be the best cue to rapidly direct someone's gaze to the left?

Accepted Answer

A)   An arrow pointing left
B)   A picture of eyes looking left
C)   A finger and hand pointing left
D)   Displaying the word "left"E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

"Ecological perception" can be best described in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)   Perception and resolution of inconsistent environmental cues
B)   Automatic trait inferences based on the configuration of a stimulus
C)   Affective cues that bias the encoding of categorical information
D)   Cognitive mechanisms that operate outside of awareness to facilitate recallE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Though most research shows participants to assimilate ambiguous behavior to primed traits, which of the following shows a lack of assimilation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Experimental demand
B)   Contrast Effects
C)   Verbal overshadowing
D)   Ecological perceptionE) B) and C)
F) A) and C) B

Exam 3: Section 1 : Attention and Encoding

Gaze appears primarily as what kind of phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following emphasizes external stimulus information and describes the organization in it as "inherent in a stimulus for a particular perceiver, based on that person's history of perceptual experiences"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extensive research has been conducted on the effects of vividness on attitude change. Based on the research, which of the following would be most persuasive?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following emotional displays is most likely to increase the social salience of a face?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine you see a person commit a crime. Which of the following strategies is most likely to facilitate your later recognition of that person's face during a police lineup?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When perceiving a face looking directly at you, which of the following is least likely?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

If you find yourself daydreaming in class about a date last night, which of the following best describes this process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes the effects of an unconscious prime?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following properties of a stimulus is least likely to influence attention?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the most central traits that people infer from faces?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following has been proposed to be a mediator for differential attention and differential judgments?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

A person suffering from depression thinks about negative evaluations almost every time he thinks about himself. This would best be described as which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A particularly salient behavioral display is least likely to result in which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are impressed to see a student happily donate $100 to charity, and later describe that person as "generous." This is best described as an example of what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements has been shown to be true regarding vividness effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following show accessibility effects due to priming?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies in ___________ indicate that baby-faced adults are perceived to have more childlike qualities than mature-faced adults. These studies suggest that this response is an adaptive response for the species' survival, because adults must nurture and protect the young.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be the best cue to rapidly direct someone's gaze to the left?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Ecological perception" can be best described in which of the following ways?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Though most research shows participants to assimilate ambiguous behavior to primed traits, which of the following shows a lack of assimilation?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

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D

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D

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B