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Exam 18: Emerging Adulthood: Cognitive Development

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Question 1

True/False

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Educators who agree with Lev Vygotsky are likely to take a prescriptive, staged, practical approach to education.

A) True
B) False

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Question 2

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Geraldine is a medical intern who believes that all people deserve access to medical care. However, she also knows that throughout her career, she will have to make decisions about which patients will receive a scarce, life-saving medication. Reconciling these two thoughts requires _____.

A) intuitive-projective faith
B) dialectical thinking
C) relativism
D) ideological reasoning

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 3

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Being exposed to a diverse array of people in college likely contributes to deeper thought and intellectual challenge.

Without being able to combine intellect and emotion, individuals may experience behavioral extremes (e.g., obesity, addiction) and cognitive extremes (e.g., believing that one is the best person on Earth).

In general, DIT scores that assess moral thinking _____.

The approach to studying cognitive development that explores how the brain encodes, stores, and retrieves information is the "_____ approach."

According to one classic study, cognition progresses through _____ levels of complexity over the four years that lead to a bachelor's degree.

Which of the following illustrates expectations about emerging adults' ability to manage their time?

A possible reaction to stereotype threat might be _____.

A new pedagogical technique in which students are required to watch videos of a lecture on their computers before class and then participate in discussions in class facilitated by the professor is called "_____."

All the following beliefs reflect cognitive flexibility EXCEPT that _____.

Many developmentalists now believe there is actually a fifth stage of cognitive development called "transcendent thought."

Children are more likely than adults to imagine several solutions for every problem and then to take care in selecting the best one.

Postformal thought is more practical as well as more creative and imaginative than earlier stages of thinking.

As more is understood about brain development after adolescence, it seems that the characteristics of postformal thought are evident as the brain-in particular, the _____- matures.

Jack was raised in a home where men did not help with housework or cooking, because those chores were deemed "women's work." At age 20, he does not agree with that view but hides his negative reaction to it when visiting his parents' home. Jack is demonstrating _____ flexibility.

Michelle begins an essay for her composition class by writing that knowing the truth sets people free. In her next paragraph, she explains that knowing the truth often involves learning about the limitations and constraints on freedom. In her third paragraph, Michelle integrates these two perspectives. Michelle's essay demonstrates _____ thinking.

Most U.S. college students attend publicly sponsored institutions.

When college students are asked to solve a puzzle problem independently, only about 10 percent solve it correctly. Then, when students who did not solve the problem are allowed to discuss the problem together, 75 percent get it right. This illustrates the participants' _____.

After Brenda finished college, began working in her chosen field, and started a family, her thinking became _____.