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Discuss in detail the World Trade Organization including how it was established and its membership. Also discuss the normal trade relations principle, national treatment, quantitative restrictions, and dumping.

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The Uruguay Round established the World ...

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"Miracle Face." Tara developed a great new type of face cream guaranteed to provide total sun protection, remove wrinkles, and result in anyone looking at least ten years younger. Her product, Miracle Face, became extremely popular in the U.S., where she has several shops, and also in other countries to which it was shipped. Tara has a number of individuals in other countries seeking to team with her in selling Miracle Face. Sam, a citizen of Mexico, asks that she grant him permission to use her name and any associated trademarks, and allow him to sell Miracle Face in Mexico. Tara has an offer, however, from another Mexican citizen, Maria. Maria proposes that she and Tara associate together, open a business to sell Miracle Face, and share profits and management responsibilities. Tara has also thought about opening her own business in Mexico in conformity with Mexican laws. She would then, hire employees in Mexico to sell the product. Another matter Tara has considered is simply arranging for her products to be shipped to Mexico for sale, and she is interested in the effect of any trade agreements in effect between the U.S. and Mexico. -If Tara ships Miracle Face to Mexico for sale, she would be involved in the _____ of goods.


A) import
B) franchising
C) licensing
D) export
E) affiliating

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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_____ principle requires that World Trade Organization member states treat like goods coming from other World Trade Organization member states on an equal basis.


A) The normal trade relations
B) The like treatment
C) The quantitative restrictions
D) The nondiscriminatory
E) The fairness

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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A

Which of the following best describes the term "comparative law?"


A) It is the study of the legal systems of different states.
B) It is the study of the laws governing the conduct of states and international organizations and their relationships with one another.
C) It is the study of the difference between public and private law in the United States.
D) It is the study of the difference between constitutions and administrative rules and regulations within the United States.
E) It is the study of international organizations and their structure.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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Many ______ are derived from Roman law.


A) Common law systems
B) Case law legal systems
C) Civil law systems
D) Socialist legal systems
E) Islamic legal systems

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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A company that sends its products to a foreign marketplace for sale has engaged in ______.


A) Importation
B) Subsidization
C) Exportation
D) Foreign transaction
E) Foreign distributing

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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C

Which of the following is false regarding the Convention on the International Sale of Goods?


A) It applies to transactions involving the commercial sale of goods.
B) National contract law applies in areas not covered by the Convention on the International Sale of Goods.
C) The Convention on the International Sale of Goods was adopted in 2000.
D) The United States has adopted the Convention on the International Sale of Goods.
E) The Convention on the International Sale of Goods has been ratified by the majority of states in the developed world.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following prohibits slavery and grants everyone the right to free choice of employment, just and favorable conditions of work, reasonable limitations on working hours, and compensation adequate to provide for the worker's health and that of his or her family?


A) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948
B) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
C) The Fair Wage Standard of 2000
D) The Universal Employee Care Act of 1990
E) The International Freedom Act of 2003

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In a multilateral free trade agreement, three or more states agree to reduce and gradually eliminate tariffs and other trade barriers.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following refers to the power of a court over persons appearing before it?


A) Subject matter jurisdiction
B) Individual jurisdiction
C) Personal jurisdiction
D) Litigation jurisdiction
E) Superior jurisdiction

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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____ is the type of alternative dispute resolution procedure wherein disputes are submitted for resolution to private, nonofficial persons selected in a manner provided by law or the agreement of the parties.


A) Mediation
B) Arbitration
C) Neutral evaluation
D) International evaluation
E) Multi-cultural evaluation

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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B

"Miracle Face." Tara developed a great new type of face cream guaranteed to provide total sun protection, remove wrinkles, and result in anyone looking at least ten years younger. Her product, Miracle Face, became extremely popular in the U.S., where she has several shops, and also in other countries to which it was shipped. Tara has a number of individuals in other countries seeking to team with her in selling Miracle Face. Sam, a citizen of Mexico, asks that she grant him permission to use her name and any associated trademarks, and allow him to sell Miracle Face in Mexico. Tara has an offer, however, from another Mexican citizen, Maria. Maria proposes that she and Tara associate together, open a business to sell Miracle Face, and share profits and management responsibilities. Tara has also thought about opening her own business in Mexico in conformity with Mexican laws. She would then, hire employees in Mexico to sell the product. Another matter Tara has considered is simply arranging for her products to be shipped to Mexico for sale, and she is interested in the effect of any trade agreements in effect between the U.S. and Mexico. -Which of the following should Tara consider with regard to trade agreements between the U.S. and Mexico?


A) The North American Free Trade Agreement
B) The Central American Free Trade Agreement
C) The Tri-Country Free Trade Agreement
D) The Multi-Country Free Trade Agreement
E) The Accessibility Trade Agreement

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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What has the U.S. Supreme Court held regarding whether U.S. courts must rely on customary international law?


A) The U.S. Supreme Court has held that U.S. courts may disregard customary international law.
B) The U.S. Supreme Court has held that even if a governing international agreement says otherwise, a U.S. court must rely on customary international law.
C) The U.S. Supreme Court has held that even if a controlling executive act is to the contrary, U.S. courts must rely on customary international law.
D) The U.S. Supreme Court has held that regardless of the existence of any legislative act to the contrary, U.S. courts must rely on customary international law.
E) The U.S. Supreme Court has held that in the absence of a governing international agreement or controlling executive or legislative act or judicial decision, U.S. courts must rely on customary international law.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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The ____ facilitates international cooperation in opening markets and provides a forum for future trade negotiations and the settlement of international trade disputes.


A) World Trade Organization
B) Generally Favored Nation Organization
C) National Trade Organization
D) International Cooperation Agreement
E) International Marketing Agreement

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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____ permits adjudication of any claims against a defendant regardless of whether the claim has anything to do with the forum.


A) General personal jurisdiction
B) Specific person jurisdiction
C) Local personal jurisdiction
D) International personal jurisdiction
E) Domestic personal jurisdiction

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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The United States is not a party to the Central American Free Trade Agreement.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is a practice wherein an exporter sells products in a foreign state for less than the price charged for the same or comparable goods in the exporter's home market?


A) Price cutting
B) Disposal
C) Dumping
D) Profit maximizing
E) Subsidizing

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is true regarding the enforceability of foreign judgments in the United States?


A) Foreign judgments are entitled to full faith and credit.
B) Foreign judgments are entitled to full faith, but not credit.
C) Foreign judgments are neither entitled to full faith and credit, nor are they evidence of the justice of the plaintiff's claims.
D) Foreign judgments are not entitled to full faith and credit, but are only evidence of the justice of the plaintiff's claims.
E) By statutory law, foreign judgments must be disregarded in the U.S.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following references a standard meaning that either the employer or the employee may terminate the employment relationship at any time?


A) Employment-at-will
B) Unconnected employment
C) Nachfrist
D) Reasonable employment
E) Unreasonable employment

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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"Weeds." Susie developed a product guaranteed to immediately kill weeds, but absolutely no other type of grass or shrub. She has encountered several individuals and businesses in other countries who would like to enter into contracts with her and market her products internationally. She went to Willie, who just graduated law school and has yet to pass the bar, and asks him for advice regarding those contracts. Willie proceeded to tell her that she should simply enter into the same type of contract with international businesses and individuals from other countries as she would if those individuals and businesses were located in the United States. He tells her that if there is any problem, then they will simply have to come to the United States to settle the matter, and that any issues would be determined in Susie's home county, in her home state, and under her state's law. He also mentions to her that she should consider contacting local foreign officials in the areas in which she would like her product sold and suggest to them that she can contribute heavily to election campaigns if she is allowed without any hassles to obtain necessary business licenses and approvals to do business. -Assuming Susie wants some additional protection to guarantee that any dispute with international business will be resolved in her state in the U.S., what should she do?


A) There is nothing she can do.
B) She should put a forum selection agreement clause within the contract.
C) She should put a choice of law provision in the contract.
D) She should put a choice of general jurisdiction clause in the contract.
E) She should put a Hague clause in the contract.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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