Question 1

In the kidney mechanism for buffering the acidity of the blood,when would hydrogen ions be excreted and bicarbonate ions be reabsorbed?

Accepted Answer

A)  only when the lung system is not working
B)  when the blood is acidic
C)  when the blood is basic
D)  when the blood is neutral pH,which is not normal
E)  The kidney never excretes or reabsorbs hydrogen and bicarbonate ions.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

The portion of the kidney which is continuous with the ureter is the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal cortex.
B)  renal medulla.
C)  glomerulus.
D)  renal pelvis.
E)  nephron.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

"Artificial kidneys" do not function in all respects like a natural kidney.What is one inherent problem and what is its practical solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Artificial systems are less efficient; run the artificial kidney 24 hours a day.
B)  Artificial kidneys are complex and must be operated at hospitals; train home care nurses.
C)  Dialysis uses passive diffusion and some kidney functions require selective active transport; restrict diet to limit the variety of waste molecules.
D)  Artificial kidneys treat the blood directly,requiring IV tubing,etc.; invent an alternative to avoid the bloodstream.
E)  Blood coagulates any time it leaves the body; dilute the blood.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 4

The wall of the ureter has three layers: an inner mucosa,a smooth muscle layer,and an outer fibrous coat of connective tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the glomerulus is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure primarily accounts for filtration.
B)  Small molecules move from the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule into the glomerulus.
C)  It is composed of capillaries.
D)  It is connected to arterioles at both ends.
E)  It is surrounded by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra.
B)  ureter.
C)  collecting duct.
D)  proximal convoluted tubule.
E)  loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) .F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

The kidney has three regions: the renal pelvis,the renal atria,and the renal ventricle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the main reason for hemolytic uremic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  the bacteria Escherichia coli
B)  increased animal protein in the diet
C)  accumulation of granules within the renal pelvis
D)  increased usage of diuretics
E)  All of the answer choices are reasons for hemolytic uremic syndrome.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 9

List,in order,the structures of the nephron that will be involved in the formation of urine.

Accepted Answer

Glomerular capsule (Bowman's c...

Question 10

Urinary tract infections that involve the bladder are called

Accepted Answer

A)  urethritis.
B)  kidneyitis.
C)  cystitis.
D)  nephritis.
E)  prostatitis.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Although it sounds like science fiction,human bladders can be grown in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a metabolic waste?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 formed by cellular respiration
B)  urea formed during amino acid metabolism
C)  creatinine formed in the muscles
D)  fiber that's not absorbed from the digestive tract
E)  renin from the kidneysF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following does not contribute to homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  excretion of metabolic wastes
B)  maintenance of water-salt balance
C)  maintenance of acid-base balance
D)  excretion of proteins and nucleotides
E)  secretion of hormonesF) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 14

Which of the following is a nonfilterable component of the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  urea
B)  glucose
C)  amino acids
D)  albumin
E)  sodium chlorideF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Urine and feces are both considered excretions or wastes.How do they biologically compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  Undigested food passes through as feces; urine is just unused or surplus water.
B)  Although they are processed by separate systems,feces and urine are bacteria-laden and unsanitary.
C)  Feces is undigested food plus bacteria that was never inside the tissue; urine carries metabolic wastes from cell metabolism but should be bacteria-free.
D)  Both feces and urine were molecules that were,for a short time,part of cell metabolism.
E)  Both are ways of excreting excess water from the body.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps (processes) involved in urine formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtration
B)  tubular reabsorption
C)  creatinine production
D)  tubular secretion
E)  filtration of small molecules into glomerular filtrateF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

Normally,concentrations of metabolically important substances,such as glucose,are

Accepted Answer

A)  high in glomerular filtrate,but only a trace in urine.
B)  low in glomerular filtrate,but high in urine.
C)  high in both glomerular filtrate and urine.
D)  low in both glomerular filtrate and urine.
E)  excluded from entering the excretory system altogether.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

The glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

Accepted Answer

A)  returns material to the blood.
B)  filters material from the blood.
C)  makes urea.
D)  contains urine in its final state.
E)  reabsorbs materials not to be excreted.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

How can urine contain a higher concentration of wastes (be hypertonic) than the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine cannot since the process is passive diffusion.
B)  Reabsorption of water in the loop of the nephron and collecting ducts leaves behind a more concentrated urine.
C)  All stages in the kidney involve active transport.
D)  Urine can be hypertonic for small molecules if it is hypotonic for an equal number of big molecules.
E)  The whole nephron is impermeable to water.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Damage to the nephrons can lead to uremia,which is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  blood cells in the urine.
B)  urea in the blood.
C)  edema.
D)  ionic imbalance.
E)  excessive urine.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 16: Urinary System and Excretion

The glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How can urine contain a higher concentration of wastes (be hypertonic) than the blood?

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List,in order,the structures of the nephron that will be involved in the formation of urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedGlomerular capsule (Bowman's c...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps (processes) involved in urine formation?

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Which of the following is NOT considered to be a metabolic waste?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a nonfilterable component of the blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Damage to the nephrons can lead to uremia,which is characterized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The portion of the kidney which is continuous with the ureter is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the kidney mechanism for buffering the acidity of the blood,when would hydrogen ions be excreted and bicarbonate ions be reabsorbed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urinary tract infections that involve the bladder are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidney has three regions: the renal pelvis,the renal atria,and the renal ventricle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The wall of the ureter has three layers: an inner mucosa,a smooth muscle layer,and an outer fibrous coat of connective tissue.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normally,concentrations of metabolically important substances,such as glucose,are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Artificial kidneys" do not function in all respects like a natural kidney.What is one inherent problem and what is its practical solution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although it sounds like science fiction,human bladders can be grown in the laboratory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine and feces are both considered excretions or wastes.How do they biologically compare?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the glomerulus is INCORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not contribute to homeostasis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the main reason for hemolytic uremic syndrome?

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Glomerular capsule (Bowman's c...
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