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The diagrams show four pairs of polarizing sheets, with the polarizing directions indicated by dashed lines. The two sheets of each pair are placed one behind the other and the front sheet is illuminated by unpolarized light. The incident intensity is the same for all pairs of sheets. Rank the pairs according to the intensity of transmitted light, least to greatest. The diagrams show four pairs of polarizing sheets, with the polarizing directions indicated by dashed lines. The two sheets of each pair are placed one behind the other and the front sheet is illuminated by unpolarized light. The incident intensity is the same for all pairs of sheets. Rank the pairs according to the intensity of transmitted light, least to greatest.   A)  1, 2, 3, 4 B)  4, 2, 1, 3 C)  2, 4, 3, 1 D)  2, 4, 1, 3 E)  3, 1, 4, 2


A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 4, 2, 1, 3
C) 2, 4, 3, 1
D) 2, 4, 1, 3
E) 3, 1, 4, 2

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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For linearly polarized light the plane of polarization is:


A) perpendicular to both the direction of polarization and the direction of propagation
B) perpendicular to the direction of polarization and parallel to the direction of propagation
C) parallel to the direction of polarization and perpendicular to the direction of propagation
D) parallel to both the direction of polarization and the direction of propagation
E) none of the above

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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The relation θ\theta incident = F1 θ\theta reflected, which applies as a ray of light strikes an interface between two media, is known as:


A) Faraday's law
B) Snell's law
C) Ampere's law
D) Cole's law
E) none of these

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The diagram shows the passage of a ray of light from air into a substance X. The index of refraction of X is: The diagram shows the passage of a ray of light from air into a substance X. The index of refraction of X is:   A)  0.53 B)  0.88 C)  1.9 D)  2.2 E)  3.0


A) 0.53
B) 0.88
C) 1.9
D) 2.2
E) 3.0

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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If the electric field in a plane electromagnetic wave is along the y axis and its component is given by Emsin(kx + ω \omega t) , in SI units, then the magnetic field is along the z axis and its component is given by:


A) (Em/c) cos(kx + ω \omega t)
B) -(Em/c) cos(kx + ω \omega t)
C) -(Em/c) sin(kx + ω \omega t)
D) Emcos(kx + ω \omega t)
E) (Em/c) sin(kx + ω \omega t)

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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An electromagnetic wave is generated by:


A) any moving charge
B) any accelerating charge
C) only a charge with changing acceleration
D) only a charge moving in a circle
E) only a charge moving in a straight line

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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As light goes from one medium to another, it is bent away from the normal. Then:


A) the speed of the light has increased
B) dispersion must occur
C) the second medium has a higher index of refraction
D) no change in speed has occurred
E) refraction has not occurred because refraction means a bending toward the normal

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The product The product   has the same units as: A)  (velocity) <sup>2</sup> B)  (velocity) <sup>1/2</sup> C)  1/velocity D)  1/velocity<sup>2</sup> E)  1/velocity<sup>1/2</sup> has the same units as:


A) (velocity) 2
B) (velocity) 1/2
C) 1/velocity
D) 1/velocity2
E) 1/velocity1/2

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Maxwell's equations predict that the speed of light in free space is:


A) an increasing function of frequency
B) a decreasing function of frequency
C) independent of frequency
D) a function of the distance from the source
E) a function of the size of the source

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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A ray of light passes through three media as shown. The speeds of light in these media obey: A ray of light passes through three media as shown. The speeds of light in these media obey:   A)  v<sub>1</sub> > v<sub>2</sub> > v<sub>3</sub> B)  v<sub>3</sub> > v<sub>2</sub> > v<sub>1</sub> C)  v<sub>3</sub> > v<sub>1</sub> > v<sub>2</sub> D)  v<sub>2</sub> > v<sub>1</sub> > v<sub>3</sub> E)  v<sub>1</sub> > v<sub>3</sub> > v<sub>2</sub>


A) v1 > v2 > v3
B) v3 > v2 > v1
C) v3 > v1 > v2
D) v2 > v1 > v3
E) v1 > v3 > v2

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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The sun is about 1.5 * 1011 m away. The time for light to travel this distance is about:


A) 4.5 * 1018 s
B) 8 s
C) 8 min
D) 8 hr
E) 8 yr

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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At a certain point and a certain time the electric field of an electromagnetic wave is in the negative z direction and the magnetic field is in the positive y direction. Which of the following statements is true?


A) Energy is being transported in the positive x direction but half a cycle later, when the electric field is in the opposite direction, it will be transported in the negative x direction
B) Energy is being transported in the positive x direction and half a cycle later, when the electric field is in the opposite direction, it will still be transported in the positive x direction
C) Energy is being transported in the negative x direction but half a cycle later, when the electric field is in the opposite direction, it will be transported in the positive x direction
D) Energy is being transported in the negative x direction and half a cycle later, when the electric field is in the opposite direction, it will still be transported in the negative x direction.
E) None of the above are true.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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When light passes from air to glass, it bends:


A) toward the normal without changing speed
B) toward the normal and slows down
C) toward the normal and speeds up
D) away from the normal and slows down
E) away from the normal and speeds up

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Radio waves differ from visible light waves in that radio waves:


A) travel slower
B) have a higher frequency
C) travel faster
D) have a lower frequency
E) require a material medium

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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The index of refraction of a certain glass is 1.50. The sine of the critical angle for total internal reflection at a glass-air interface is:


A) 0.50
B) 0.67
C) 0.75
D) 1.00
E) 1.50

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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If the electric field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by Emsin[(3 *106/m-1) x - ω \omega t) ], in SI the value of ω \omega is:


A) 0.01 rad/s
B) 10 rad/s
C) 100 rad/s
D) 9 *1014 rad/s
E) 9 *1016 rad/s

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In a stack of three polarizing sheets the first and third are crossed while the middle one has its axis at 45 °\degree to the axes of the other two. The fraction of the intensity of an incident unpolarized beam of light that is transmitted by the stack is:


A) 1/2
B) 1/3
C) 1/4
D) 1/8
E) 0

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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An electromagnetic wave is traveling in the positive x direction with its electric field along the z axis and its magnetic field along the y axis. The fields are related by:


A) \partial E/ \partial x = μ\mu 0 ε\varepsilon 0 \partial B/ \partial x
B) \partial E/ \partial x = μ\mu 0 ε\varepsilon 0 \partial B/ \partial t
C) \partial B/ \partial x = μ\mu 0 ε\varepsilon 0 \partial E/ \partial x
D) \partial B/ \partial x = μ\mu 0 ε\varepsilon 0 \partial E/ \partial t
E) \partial B/ \partial x = - μ\mu 0 ε\varepsilon 0 \partial E/ \partial t

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Light from any ordinary source (such as a flame) is usually:


A) unpolarized
B) plane polarized
C) circularly polarized
D) elliptically polarized
E) monochromatic

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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