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What term is used to describe a personal investment in identity?

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Based on the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, adding up the daily media use figures to obtain weekly media use leads to almost ________ hours a week by 15- to 18-year-olds.


A) 75
B) 68
C) 56
D) 84

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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What is the term for a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another?

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Miley, a 13-year-old girl, belongs to a caring and supportive family. Her parents often encourage her to take calculated risks and support her in every right decision that she makes in the social world. They give her advice on how to prepare for the transition from childhood dependency to adult independence. Identify the model of parent-adolescent relationship exemplified in this scenario.

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Early-onset antisocial behavior is defined as antisocial behavior before age ________.


A) 13
B) 17
C) 15
D) 11

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Baku is a local guide living and working in Kenya. While explaining some of the local cultures and practices to a group of tourists, he tells that some tribes have customs that relate to rites of passage. A tourist asks Baku about the importance of rites of passage. Which of the following statements would most likely be Baku's response?


A) Rites of passage mostly focus on severing ties with adolescents' native culture.
B) Rites of passage mostly focus on the initiation of adolescents into a nuclear family.
C) Rites of passage mostly focus on the reaffirmation of adolescents' connection with the immediate family.
D) Rites of passage mostly focus on the transition of adolescents to adult status.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Sandra and Selena are both in high school. Sandra thinks that being a member of a crowd is more helpful in forming friendships than being a member of a clique, but Selena thinks otherwise. Which of the following statements most likely supports Selena's argument?


A) A crowd is less personal than a clique.
B) A clique contains more members than a crowd.
C) Unlike the formation of a crowd, the formation of a clique is based on reputation.
D) Unlike in a clique, the members of a crowd spend a lot of time together.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The most effective way to treat adolescent depression is


A) through antidepressant medication such as Prozac.
B) not with medication but through cognitive behavior therapy.
C) a combination of psychoanalysis and family treatment.
D) a combination of drug therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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According to the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, which of the following groups uses media for the longest time during a day?


A) 11- to 14-year-olds
B) 15- to 18-year-olds
C) 8- to 11-year-olds
D) 4- to 7-year-olds

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The number of juvenile court delinquency caseloads in the United States has


A) increased dramatically since 1996.
B) increased slightly since 1960.
C) decreased dramatically since 1996.
D) decreased slightly since 1996.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Many of the cognitive changes thought to influence religious development involve


A) Piaget's cognitive developmental theory.
B) Erikson's psychosocial theory.
C) Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
D) Lorenz's ethological theory.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Nancy was not able to decide whether she should major in music or take up an undergraduate program in engineering. After significant exploration of both options, she finally chose the latter, with a minor in music. Identify Nancy's status of identity.


A) identity diffusion
B) identity foreclosure
C) identity moratorium
D) identity achievement

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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"Jocks" who are good at sports or "druggies" who take drugs are examples of


A) cliques.
B) teams.
C) crowds.
D) squads.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Fast Track is an intervention program that attempts to lower the risk of


A) teen pregnancy.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) teen suicide.
D) adolescent depression.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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According to Erik Erikson, which of the following developmental stages is experienced by an individual during adolescence?


A) autonomy versus shame and doubt
B) intimacy versus isolation
C) initiative versus guilt
D) identity versus identity confusion

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Martha's family has recently relocated to Alabama. This relocation means that Martha would have to go to a new school and make new friends. Martha finds it difficult to make friends. She approaches her mother for advice on making friends. Which of the following is a strategy that her mother should recommend to her?


A) Be psychologically aggressive.
B) Wait for the other individual to initiate interaction.
C) Be open to engaging in gossip.
D) Respect yourself and others.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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According to recent research, which of the following program types was linked to a reduction in delinquency?


A) individual treatment
B) restorative justice
C) family therapy
D) case management

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Identity ________ is the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment.


A) diffusion
B) foreclosure
C) moratorium
D) achievement

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A ________ is a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another and mostly focuses on the transition to adult status.


A) rite of passage
B) litmus test
C) march of time
D) communion

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Ethnic ________ is an enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group, along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership.


A) gloss
B) awareness
C) identity
D) pride

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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